Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Heracleum latent trichovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by F. Bem, 1988.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

HV2.

Acronym

HLV

ICTV decimal code

76.0.1.T.005

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

• Heracleum sphondylium, Apiaceae - occurs in hogweed causing no symptoms.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Cavariella aegopodii, C. pastinacae, C. theobaldi; Aphididae. Transmitted in a semi-persistent manner. Virus lost by the vector when it moults; does not multiply in the vector; requires, for vector transmission, a helper virus (carrot yellow leaf (?) closterovirus); transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Bem and Murant (1979); Murant and Duncan (1984).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the Netherlands and the UK.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium quinoa - necrotic local lesions, systemic epinasty and stunting.
• C. amaranticolor - systemic leaf curling and vein-clearing.
• Coriandrum sativum - systemic interveinal yellowing or symptomless.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Nicotiana clevelandii, N. tabacum cvs Samsun and White Burley, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Chenopodium quinoa.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium murale (L), C. quinoa (W), Coriandrum sativum (W).

Susceptible host species

• Amaranthus caudatus
• Anethum graveolens
• Anthriscus cerefolium
• Apiaceae
• Apium graveolens
• Atriplex hortensis
• Beta vulgaris
• Browallia speciosa
• Celosia plumosa
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium capitatum
• Chenopodium foetidum
• Chenopodium foliosum
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Coriandrum sativum
• Cucumis sativus
• Daucus carota
• Fedia cornucopiae
• Gomphrena globosa
• Heracleum sphondylium
• Lycopersicon chilense
• Montia perfoliata
• Pastinaca sativa
• Petroselinum crispum
• Scandix pecten-veneris
• Solanum acaule
• Solanum commersonii
• Solanum demissum
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum spegazzinii
• Spinacia oleracea
• Stellaria media
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Valerianella carinata
• Vigna unguiculata
• Zea mays

Insusceptible host species

• Allium porrum
• Amaranthus hypochondriacus
• Anthriscus sylvestris
• Apium nodiflorum
• Avena sativa
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis
• Brassica campestris ssp. rapa
• Brassica perviridis
• Capsicum annuum
• Catharanthus roseus
• Chenopodium ambrosioides
• Cucurbita maxima
• Cucurbita pepo
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Datura metel
• Datura stramonium
• Dianthus barbatus
• Eryngium planum
• Foeniculum vulgare
• Fragaria vesca
• Hordeum vulgare
• Levisticum officinale
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Malus sylvestris
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana forgetiana
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana glutinosa × N. clevelandii
• Nicotiana knightiana
• Nicotiana paniculata
• Nicotiana repanda
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Ocimum basilicum
• Oenanthe pimpinelloides
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Physalis floridana
• Physalis peruviana
• Pimpinella anisum
• Pimpinella saxifraga
• Pisum sativum
• Prunus persica
• Senecio cineraria
• Sesbania exaltata
• Setaria italica
• Solanum chacoense
• Trifolium pratense
• Triticum vulgare
• Urtica pilulifera
• Vicia faba
• Vigna mungo
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (3/4)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/2)
• Chenopodiaceae (10/11)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/3)
• Gramineae (1/5)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/10)
• Portulacaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (7/27)
• Tetragoniaceae (1 /1)
• Umbelliferae (9/17)
• Valerianaceae (2/2)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Alliaceae (1/1)
• Amaranthaceae (1/4)
• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/2)
• Chenopodiaceae (1/11)
• Compositae (1/1)
• Cruciferae (3/3)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/3)
• Gramineae (4/5)
• Labiatae (1 /1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (9/10)
• Rosaceae (3/3)
• Solanaceae (20/27)
• Umbelliferae (8/17)
• Urticaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Bem and Murant (1979).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 40-50 °C (in Chenopodium quinoa sap, clarified with bentonite). LIV: 1-2 days (at 22ºC, in C. quinoa sap). DEP: log₁₀ minus 4-5 (in C. quinoa sap). Infectivity of sap decreased by treatment with di-ethyl ether (or abolished). Leaf sap contains many virions. Electron microscopy: intact virions are seen when 2% PTA, pH7 is used, but disrupted ones seen in AM.

Purification method

Bem and Murant (1979).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 730 nm; 12.5 nm wide. Basic helix obvious; pitch of basic helix 3.8 nm.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 96 S. Density 1.24 in Cs₂SO₄.

Biochemical properties

Virions 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 7.9 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 7.9 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Bem and Murant (1979); Murant et al. (1979). Infectivity retained when deproteinised with proteases; retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Additional factor not required for infectivity.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 23500; coat protein. Method of preparation: Bem and Murant (1979). Virion proteins not glycosylated.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, roots, phloem and companion cells; in cytoplasm. Inclusions absent from infected cells.

Taxonomy and relationships

Trichovirus

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Apple chlorotic leafspot, apple stem grooving, beet yellow stunt, carnation necrotic fleck, citrus tristeza, beet yellows, lilac chlorotic leaf spot, potato T and wheat yellow leaf viruses.

Best tests for diagnosis

Gives epinasty and stunting in Chenopodium quinoa.

Comments and References

References

• Bem, F. and Murant, A.F. (1979). Ann. appl. biol. 92: 243.
• Bem, F. and Murant, A.F. (1979). J. gen. Virol. 44: 817.
• Murant, A.F. (1983). Abstr. 4th Int. Congr. Pl. Path., p. 121.
• Murant, A.F. and Duncan, G.H. (1984). Abstr. 6th Int. Congr. Virol. Sendai, Japan, p. 328.
• Murant, A.F. and Goold, R.A. (1972). Rep. Scottish Hort. Res. Inst. 1971, p. 63.
• Murant, A.F., Taylor, M. and Duncan, G.H. (1979). Rep. Scottish Hort. Res. Inst. 1978, p. 98.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.