Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Groundnut rosette umbravirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by D.V.R. Reddy, 1989.

Nomenclature

Acronym

GRV

Strains

Different diseases called groundnut chlorotic rosette, groundnut green rosette and groundnut mosaic rosette caused by complexes of different strains of the virus, its assistor luteovirus and satellite RNAs.

ICTV decimal code

78.0.1.0.004

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Arachis hypogaea, different isolates give:
• chlorotic rosette - faint mottling of youngest leaflets, then yellowing, curling and malformation of leaflets, some veinbanding and blotching.
• green rosette - mild mottling and flecking, but mostly dark green, severe stunting.
• mosaic rosette - green blotching and severe chlorosis, but less severe rosetting than with green rosette. There are three components associated with all three rosette diseases;
• 1) Groundnut rosette assistor virus (GRAV): a luteovirus which gives no overt symptoms in groundnut.
• 2) Groundnut rosette virus: a virus with a single-stranded RNA genome, which becomes packaged in the GRAV virions, and thus depends on GRAV for aphid transmission, but produces no overt symptoms in groundnut.
• 3) Groundnut rosette satellites: satellite RNAs that control the symptoms and cause the different types of rosette (chlorotic, green and mosaic).

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Aphididae. Transmitted in a persistent manner. Virus retained when the vector moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; requires, for vector transmission, a helper virus (groundnut rosette assistor luteovirus); transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Storey and Bottomley (1928); Storey and Ryland (1955); Davies (1975); Adams (1967); Gibbons (1977); Reddy (1984).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the African region (in all countries south of the Sahara).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium amaranticolor - chlorotic local lesions, not systemic.
• Nicotiana clevelandii - necrotic rings, then systemic curling and malformation.
• Arachis hypogaea - see `Natural host and symptoms`.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Cucurbita pepo cv. Eyes, Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris cvs Black turtle soup, Bountiful, Great Northern and Pinto, Vigna unguiculata.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Arachis hypogaea, Nicotiana clevelandii.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), C. murale (L), C. quinoa (L).

Susceptible host species

• Arachis hypogaea
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Glycine max
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana × edwardsonii
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Trifolium repens

Insusceptible host species

• Abelmoschus esculentus
• Anthriscus cerefolium
• Beta vulgaris
• Brassica campestris
• Calendula officinalis
• Catharanthus roseus
• Coriandrum sativum
• Cucurbita pepo
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Datura stramonium
• Daucus carota
• Gomphrena globosa
• Hyoscyamus niger
• Lathyrus odoratus
• Medicago sativa
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Pastinaca sativa
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Physalis floridana
• Pisum sativum
• Vigna subterranea
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (3/4)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (4/12)
• Solanaceae (4/10)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (1/4)
• Compositae (2/2)
• Cruciferae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (8/12)
• Malvaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (6 /10)
• Umbelliferae (4/4)

Sources of host-range data

Okusanya and Watson (1966); Dubern (1980); Reddy et al. (1985).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

Infectivity of sap decreased by treatment with di-ethyl ether.

Purification method

Reddy et al. (1985).

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations.

Biochemical properties

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 6.9 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 2.05 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Reddy et al. (1985); Murant et al. (1988). Infectivity retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Additional factor not required for infectivity.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• Z29702 Em(40)_vi:GRVSATR1 Gb(84)_vi:GRVSATR1 Groundnut rosette virus Malawi chlorotic (MC3A) satellite RNA. 2/94 901bp.
• Z29703 Em(40)_vi:GRVSATR2 Gb(84)_vi:GRVSATR2 Groundnut rosette virus Malawi chlorotic (MC3B) satellite RNA. 2/94 901bp.
• Z29704 Em(40)_vi:GRVSATR3 Gb(84)_vi:GRVSATR3 Groundnut rosette virus Nigerian green (NG3A) satellite RNA. 2/94 898bp.
• Z29705 Em(40)_vi:GRVSATR4 Gb(84)_vi:GRVSATR4 Groundnut rosette virus Nigerian green (NG3B) satellite RNA. 2/94 899bp.
• Z29706 Em(40)_vi:GRVSATR5 Gb(84)_vi:GRVSATR5 Groundnut rosette virus Nigerian mild (NM3A) satellite RNA. 2/94 896bp.
• Z29707 Em(40)_vi:GRVSATR6 Gb(84)_vi:GRVSATR6 Groundnut rosette virus Nigerian mild (NM3B) satellite RNA. 2/94 896bp.
• Z29708 Em(40)_vi:GRVSATR7 Gb(84)_vi:GRVSATR7 Groundnut rosette virus Nigerian mild (NM3C) satellite RNA. 2/94 895bp.
• Z29709 Em(40)_vi:GRVSATR8 Gb(84)_vi:GRVSATR8 Groundnut rosette virus Nigerian mild (NM3D) satellite RNA. 2/94 895bp.
• Z29710 Em(40)_vi:GRVSATR9 Gb(84)_vi:GRVSATR9 Groundnut rosette virus Yellow blotch (YB3A) satellite RNA. 2/94 901bp.
• Z29711 Em(40)_vi:GRVSATR0 Gb(84)_vi:GRVSATR0 Groundnut rosette virus Yellow blotch (YB3B) satellite RNA. 2/94 902bp. 10 sequences.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions; is satellite RNA. Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells.

Replication

Genome replicates in cytoplasm. Replication depends on co-infection with a helper virus; it requires groundnut rosette assistor virus for aphid transmission, and the satellite RNA determines the symptoms. Acts as helper for a satellite virus; a helper for groundnut satellite RNA, which has regions of homology with the host DNA, and is 2.7kb.

Taxonomy and relationships

Umbravirus

Best tests for diagnosis

Diagnostic hosts; gel electrophoresis of double-stranded RNA.

Comments and References

References

• Adams, A.N. (1967). J. agric. Res. 5: 1.
• Davies, J.C. (1975). Trop. Agric. 52: 359.
• Dubern, J. (1980). Phytopath. Z. 99: 318.
• Gibbons, R.W. (1977). In: Diseases Pests and Weeds in Tropical Crops, Groundnut rosette virus, p. 19; ed. P. Dorey. Verlag.
• Murant, A.F. et al. (1988). J. gen. Virol. 69: 1479.
• Okusanya, B.A.M. and Watson, M.A. (1966). Ann. appl. Biol. 58: 377.
• Reddy, D.V.R. (1984). In: Compendium of Peanut Diseases. Amer. Phytopath. Soc. Groundnut rosette virus, p. 51.
• Reddy, D.V.R., Murant, A.F. and Duncan, G.H. (1985). Ann. appl. Biol. 107: 57.
• Reddy, D.V.R., Raschke, J.H. and Mayo, M.A. (1985). Ann. appl. Biol. 107: 65.
• Storey, H.H. and Bottomley, A.M. (1928). Ann. appl. Biol. 15: 26.
• Storey, H.H. and Ryland, A.K. (1955). Ann. appl. Biol. 43: 423.
• Zimmerman, A. (1907). Pflanzer 3: 129.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.