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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by G.P. Martelli, 1987; S. Holland, 1986.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

Hungarian chrome mosaic virus.

Acronym

GCMV

ICTV decimal code

18.0.3.0.015

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Vitis vinifera and interspecific hybrids - green mottling or yellow blotching of leaves, leaf and cane malformation, stunting, no fruit.
• Apium graveolens - yellow veins.

Transmission

Virus-infected vines distributed in patches in the field. Reports of transmission by Xiphinema index (Mali, 1976) are doubtful. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting (Martelli et al., 1965; Lehoczky and Sarospataki, 1967); not transmitted by contact between plants.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Hungary. Found, but with no evidence of spread, in Yugoslavia (Saric and Hranuelli, 1979) and England (Hollings et al., 1969).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show local lesions, systemic mosaic, stunting; solanaceous plants usually remain symptomless.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium quinoa - small necrotic lesions; then severe systemic chlorosis, necrotic speckling, apical necrosis.
• Gomphrena globosa - chlorotic to reddish lesions, then transient systemic mosaic.
• Datura stramonium - inoculated leaves symptomless; then systemic transient yellow spots.
• Phaseolus vulgaris - symptomless inoculated leaves; systemic mosaic, yellow-green rings and specks with some necrotic blotches.
• Vitis vinifera cvs Jubileum 75 and Pinot noir - chlorosis and apical necrosis, severe stunting (Lehoczky, 1985).

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Chenopodium quinoa, Phaseolus vulgaris.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium quinoa (L).

Susceptible host species

• Apium graveolens
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium foetidum
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Datura stramonium
• Gomphrena globosa
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vitis vinifera

Insusceptible host species

• Nicotiana megalosiphon

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (3/3)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (2/2)
• Solanaceae (6/7)
• Umbelliferae (1/1)
• Vitidaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Solanaceae (1/7)

Sources of host-range data

Martelli (1965); Martelli and Quacquarelli (1972a).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 60-62 °C. LIV: 7 days (at 22ºC). DEP: log₁₀ minus 3-4 (Martelli et al., 1965). Leaf sap contains few virions. Electron microscopy: see Martelli (1965); Martelli and Quacquarelli (1972a).

Purification method

Martelli and Quacquarelli (1972a): Chloroform-butanol followed by differential and density gradient centrifugation.

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 30 nm in diameter; angular in profile.

Physical properties

Two sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 117 S (B); of the other(s) 92 S (M). Density 1.486 g cm^-3 in CsCl (B), or 1.416 g cm^-3 in CsCl (M).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 40 % nucleic acid (B), or 31 % nucleic acid (M); 60 % protein (B), or 69 % protein (M); 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 11.6 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part 7.2 kb; the 2nd largest 4.4 kb.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• X15163 Em(40)_vi:GCMVRNA2 Gb(84)_vi:GCMVRNA2 Hungarian grapevine chrome mosaic virus RNA 2. 9/93 4,441bp.
• X15346 Em(40)_vi:GCMVRNA1 Gb(84)_vi:GCMVRNA1 Hungarian grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus RNA1 sequence. 9/93 7,212bp. 2 sequences.

Taxonomy and relationships

Nepovirus: Comoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Cacao necrosis (Kenten, 1972) and tomato black ring viruses (Kerlan et al., 1982), but distantly.

Additional comments on relationships

Distorting and chromogenic strains are antigenically close (Martelli et al., 1965). An isolate of chrome mosaic virus has been associated with celery yellow vein disease.

Comments and References

References

• Brault, V., Hibrand, L., Candresse, T., Le Gall, O. and Dunez, J. (1989). Nucl. Acid Res. 17: 7809.
• Le Gall, O., Candresse, T., Brault, V. and Dunez, J. (1989). Nucl. Acid Res. 17: 7795.
• Hollings, M., Stone, O.M. and Martelli, G.P. (1969). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1968, p. 102.
• Kenten, R.H. (1972). Ann. appl. Biol. 71: 119.
• Kerlan, C., Mille, B., Dietenne and Dunez, J. (1982). Annls. Virol. Inst. Pasteur 133E: 3.
• Kolber, M., Beczner, L., Pacsa, S. and Lehoczky, J. (1985). Phytopathol. Medit. 24: 135.
• Lehoczky, J. (1985). Phytopathol. Medit. 24: 129.
• Lehoczky, J. and Sarospataki (1967). Acta Phytopath. Acad. Sci. Hung. 2: 309.
• Mali, V.R. (1976). Indian Phytopath. 26: 363.
• Martelli, G.P. (1965). Proc. Int. Conf. Virus Vector Peren. Hosts, Univ. Cal. Agr. Sci., Davis, 402.
• Martelli, G.P. and Quacquarelli, A. (1972a). Annls. Phytopath. hors series 1972, 123.
• Martelli, G.P. and Quacquarelli, A. (1972b). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 103, 4 pp.
• Martelli, G.P., Quacquarelli, A. and Lehoczky, J. (1965). Proc. Int. Conf. Virus Vector Peren. Hosts, Univ. Cal. Agr. Sci., Davis, 389.
• Russo, M., Martelli, G.P. and Savino, V. (1982). Proc. 7th Meeting ICVG, Niagara Falls 1980, 251.
• Saric, A. and Hranuelli (1979). Proc. Conf. Excoriosis Virus Dis. Grapevine, Mostar 1977, 149.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.