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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Grapevine Bulgarian latent nepovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by S. Holland, 1986.

Nomenclature

Acronym

GBLV

Strains

several distinct strains are known (Martelli et al., 1978a; Gallitelli et al., 1983).

ICTV decimal code

18.0.3.0.014

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Vitis vinifera - symptomless, when infected with European strains (Martelli et al., 1977).
• Vitis labrusca cv. Concord - delayed budbreak, irregular elongation of the shoots, pale green foliage and straggly fruit clusters, when infected with New York strain (Uyemoto et al., 1977).

Transmission

Transmitted by means not involving a vector. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; transmitted by seed (New York strain c. 5% in Vitis lambrusca and c. 12% in Chenopodium quinoa; Uyemoto et al., 1977).

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Martelli et al. (1978).

Geographical distribution

Found, but with no evidence of spread, in Bulgaria (Martelli et al., 1977, 1978a), Yugoslavia (Dimitrijevic, 1985), Portugal (Gallitelli et al., 1983) and the U.S.A. (Uyemoto et al., 1977).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium quinoa - chlorotic or necrotic local lesions, then severe systemic mottling and necrotic flecking.
• Chenopodium amaranticolor - systemic mottling and leaf malformation.
• Gomphrena globosa - reddish lesions, then malformation of upper leaves.
• Nicotiana clevelandii - necrotic lesions; then systemic chlorosis and stunting.
• Phaseolus vulgaris - systemic mottling (Portuguese strain).
• Nicotiana megalosiphon - local and systemic chlorotic rings (Bulgarian strain).

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Datura stramonium, Cucurbita pepo, Pisum sativum, Vigna unguiculata, Zinnia elegans.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Chenopodium quinoa, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana clevelandii.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium quinoa (L); Chenopodium amaranticolor (W).

Susceptible host species

• Amaranthus retroflexus
• Atriplex hortensis
• Beta vulgaris
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium ambrosioides
• Chenopodium capitatum
• Chenopodium hybridum
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis sativus
• Gomphrena globosa
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Vitis labrusca
• Vitis rupestris
• Vitis vinifera

Insusceptible host species

• Cucurbita pepo
• Datura stramonium
• Pisum sativum
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (2/2)
• Chenopodiaceae (9/9)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/4)
• Solanaceae (5/6)
• Vitidaceae (3/3)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Compositae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (3/4)
• Solanaceae (1/6)

Sources of host-range data

Martelli et al., 1977; 1978a; Gallitelli et al., 1983.

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 65-70 °C. LIV: 15-20 days (at 22ºC). DEP: log₁₀ minus 5-6 (Martelli et al., 1977; 1987a). Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Martelli et al. (1977).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 30 nm in diameter; angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

Three sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 127 S (B₂); of the other(s) 120 S (B₁), or 52 S (T). Density 1.489 g cm^-3 in CsCl (B₂), or 1.479 g cm^-3 in CsCl (B₁). A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.7 (B), or 0.8 (T); (Martelli et al., 1977; Gallitelli et al., 1983).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 41 % nucleic acid (B₂), or 39 % nucleic acid (B₁), or 0 % nucleic acid (T; Reichmann, 1965); 59 % protein (B₂), or 61 % protein (B₁), or 100 % protein (T).

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 12.1 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part 6.2 kb (B₂); the 2nd largest 5.9 kb (B₁). Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Quacquarelli et al. (1972) - freezing and thawing; Martelli et al. (1977) - heating at 68ºC for 90 seconds. Additional factor not required for infectivity.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions (of some isolates); is satellite RNA (of c.1.4 kb; Gallitelli et al. 1983).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 54000 (Martelli et al., 1977; Gallitelli et al., 1983). Method of preparation: Agrawal and Tremaine (1972).

Cytopathology

Virions found in mesophyll in herbaceous plants and grapevines; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape; membranous bodies and tubules; they contain virions. Other cellular changes: cell wall outgrowths centered on plasmodesmata and engulfing virus-containing tubules (Martelli et al., 1982).

Taxonomy and relationships

Nepovirus: Comoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Blueberry leaf mottle virus, but distantly (Ramsdell and Stace-Smith, 1982; Gallitelli et al., 1983).

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Many other nepoviruses.

Additional comments on relationships

Different strains are serologically distinguishable from one another in gel diffusion tests (Martelli et al., 1978a; Uyemoto et al., 1977; Gallitelli et al., 1983).

Best tests for diagnosis

Grapevine Bulgarian latent virus, like most other nepoviruses, infects Nicotiana clevelandii but grapevine fleck virus does not. Grapevine Bulgarian latent is serologically distinct and also has a much narrower host range than most nepoviruses.

Comments and References

References

• Agrawal, H.D. and Tremaine, J.H. (1972). Virology 47: 8.
• de Mendonça, A., de Sequeira, O.A., Mota, M., Pereira, A.N. and Simoes, V. (1982). Proc. ICVG, Niagara Falls, 1980, p. 245.
• Gallitelli, D., Savino, V. and de Sequeira, O.A. (1983). Phytopathol. Medit. 22: 27.
• Martelli, G.P., Gallitelli, D. Abracheva, Savino, V. and Quacquarelli, A. (1978a). Proc. 6th Meeting ICVG, Cordova 1976, Monogr. INIA 18: 136.
• Martelli, G.P., Quacquarelli, A. and Gallitelli, D. (1978b). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 186, 4 pp.
• Martelli, G.P., Di Franco, A., Russo, M. and Savino, V. (1982). Proc. ICVG, Niagara Falls 1980, p. 251.
• Quacquarelli, A., Piazzolla, P. and Vovlas, C. (1972). J. gen. Virol. 17: 147.
• Reichmann, M.E. (1965). Virology 25: 166.
• Russo, M., Martelli, G.P. and Savino, V. (1982). Proc. 7th Meeting ICVG. Niagara Falls 1980, p. 251.
• Uyemoto, J.K., Taschenberg, C.F. and Humer, D.K. (1977). Pl. Dis. Reptr 61: 949.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.