Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Elderberry carlavirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by A.A. Brunt, 1992.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

elderberry A virus (Van Lent et al., 1980).

Acronym

EV

ICTV decimal code

14.0.1.0.009

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

• Sambucus canadensis, S. nigra, S. racemosa - probably symptomless but, when present in complex, it probably intensifies the symptoms induced by cherry leaf roll nepovirus.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Myzus persicae; Aphididae. Not transmitted by Aphis fabae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting.

Geographical distribution

Found, but with no evidence of spread, in Canada, the Netherlands and the U.K. and possibly also the former Czechoslovakia, U.S.A. and Japan.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Amaranthus caudatus, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata cv. Blackeye - local and systemic infection.
• Arachis hypogaea, Beta vulgaris, Celosia argentea, Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Processor - symptomless local infection.
• Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa - local lesions in late summer or early autumn; symptomless systemic infection during other seasons.
• Crotalaria juncea - chlorotic mottling, veinal necrosis and epinasty of systemically infected leaves.
• Gomphrena globosa - local lesions, no systemic infection.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Chenopodium album, Cucumis sativus, Datura stramonium, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana clevelandii.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Gomphrena globosa, Sambucus nigra, S. racemosa.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Gomphrena globosa (L).

Susceptible host species

• Amaranthus caudatus
• Arachis hypogaea
• Beta vulgaris
• Celosia argentea
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Crotalaria juncea
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Gomphrena globosa
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Sambucus canadensis
• Sambucus nigra
• Sambucus racemosa
• Solanum rostratum
• Vicia faba
• Vigna unguiculata

Insusceptible host species

• Capsicum annuum
• Catharanthus roseus
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium foetidum
• Chenopodium hybridum
• Cucumis sativus
• Datura metel
• Datura stramonium
• Dianthus barbatus
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Melilotus albus
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phlox drummondii
• Physalis floridana
• Pisum sativum
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum nigrum
• Solanum tuberosum
• Trifolium hybridum
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Trifolium pratense
• Trifolium repens
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (3/3)
• Chenopodiaceae (3/6)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (6/12)
• Sambucaceae (3/3)
• Solanaceae (1/16)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (3/6)
• Compositae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (6/12)
• Polemoniaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (15/16)

Sources of host-range data

Van Lent et al. (1980).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 75 °C. LIV: 4 days (at 20ºC). DEP: log₁₀ minus 4. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Veerisetty and Brakke (1978).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually straight; with a clear modal length; of 678 nm; 12 nm wide. Axial canal obscure. Basic helix obscure.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations. Density 1.315 g cm^-3 in CsCl. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.17.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 31000; and it is coat protein.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves; in cytoplasm. Inclusions absent from infected cells.

Taxonomy and relationships

Carlavirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Carnation latent virus.

Comments and References

General comments

Carlaviruses reported to occur in Sambucus spp. in the former Czechoslovakia (Brcak, 1964; Brcak and Polák, 1966), the U.S.A. (Uyemoto and Gilmer, 1971; Uyemoto et al., 1971) and probably also Japan (Y. Doi, in Hull et al., 1989) might also be related to elderberry carlavirus, but their affinities have not yet been reported.

References

• Brcak, J. (1964). Proc. 5th Conf. Czechosl. Pl. Virologists, Prague 1962, p. 280.
• Brcak, J. and Polák, Z. (1966). Meded. Rijksfak. Landb. Gent 31: 397.
• Brunt, A.A. and Stace-Smith, R. (1972). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1971, p. 121.
• Dijkstra, J. and van Lent, J.W.M. (1983). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 263, 4 pp.
• Hull, R., Brown, F. and Payne, C.C. (1989). In: Virology: Directory and Dictionary of Animal, Bacterial and Plant Viruses, p. 325. MacMillan Reference Books, London, U.K.
• Jones, A.T. (1970). Rep. Scot. Crops Res. Inst. for 1969, p. 58.
• Jones, A.T. (1972). Ann. appl. Biol. 70: 49.
• Uyemoto, J.K. and Gilmer, R.M. (1971). Phytopathology 61: 132.
• Uyemoto, J.K., Gilmer, R.M. and Williams, E. (1971). Pl. Dis. Reptr 55: 913.
• Van Lent, J.W.M., Wit, A.J. and Dijkstra, J. (1980). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 86: 117.
• Veerisetty, V. and Brakke, M.K. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 59.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.