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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Dasheen mosaic potyvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by F.W. Zettler and E. Hiebert, 1986; B. Rodoni, 1986.

Nomenclature

Acronym

DsMV.

ICTV decimal code

57.0.1.0.023

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms vary seasonally.
• Aglaonema, Alocasia, Amorphophallus, Arisaema, Caladium, Cyrtosperma spp. - mosaic.
• Cryptocoryne, Dieffenbachia, Philodendron, Richardia, Zantedeschia spp. - mosaic and leaf malformation.
• Colocasia, Xanthosoma spp. - mosaic, chlorotic feathering.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Myzus persicae, Aphis craccivora (Morales and Zettler, 1977) and Aphis gossypii (Gollifer et al., 1977), but apparently not by Pentalonia nigronervosa (Morales and Zettler, 1977) or Rhopalosiphum padi (Gollifer et al., 1977); Aphididae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed (Hartman et al., 1972; Zettler and Abo El-Nil, 1979); not transmitted by pollen.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Abo El-Nil and Zettler (1974); Hartman and Zettler (1972); Debrot and Ordosgoitti (1974); Alconero and Zettler (1971); Zettler et al. (1970), reported that dasheen mosaic virus is widespread in Aglaonema, Caladium, Colocasia, Dieffenbachia, Xanthosoma and Zantedeschia spp. Tissue culture techniques give virus-free plants of Caladium, Colocasia, Dieffenbachia and Xanthosoma, and these can be used for propagation (Hartman, 1974b, Zettler et al., 1980). Attempts to eliminate dasheen mosaic virus from Xanthosoma corms by heat treatment were unsuccessful (Alconero, 1972).

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide (especially in tropical and subtropical regions). Spreads in China.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Philodendron selloum - systemic mosaic, vein clearing, malformation.
• Caladium hortulanum, Colocasia spp., Xanthosoma spp. - systemic mosaic.
• Dieffenbachia spp. - systemic mosaic, epinasty, systemic and local necrosis.
• Philodendron verrucosum - local necrosis; not systemic.
• Zantedeschia spp. - systemic mosaic, malformation.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Nicotiana × edwardsonii, N. benthamiana, Vigna unguiculata.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Philodendron selloum; Caladium hortulanum (certain cultivars); Xanthosoma spp. (certain cultivars); Colocasia spp. (certain cultivars); Zantedeschia spp., Richardia spp.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Philodendron verrucosum (L), Philodendron selloum (W) - test plant for aphid transmission. The following species gave local lesions in Italy, but not outside Europe (Rana et al., 1983): Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, C. ambrosioides, Nicotiana benthamiana, Saponaria vaccaria cv. Pink Beauty.

Susceptible host species

• Aglaonema
• Alocasia
• Amorphophallus
• Arisaema
• Caladium hortulanum
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium ambrosioides
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Colocasia esculenta
• Cryptocoryne
• Cyrtosperma
• Dieffenbachia picta
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Philodendron selloum
• Philodendron verrucosum
• Richardia
• Saponaria vaccaria
• Spathiphyllum
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Xanthosoma caracu
• Zantedeschia (no species name provided)
• Zantedeschia elliottiana

Insusceptible host species

• Amaranthus caudatus
• Apium graveolens
• Beta vulgaris
• Brassica oleracea var. acephala
• Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
• Capsicum annuum
• Carica papaya
• Cassia occidentalis
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Crotalaria spectabilis
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita moschata
• Cucurbita pepo
• Dahlia pinnata
• Datura stramonium
• Gomphrena globosa
• Lupinus angustifolius
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana glutinosa × N. clevelandii
• Nicotiana langsdorffii
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Nicotiana × edwardsonii
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Physalis floridana
• Pisum sativum
• Sorghum bicolor
• Spinacia oleracea
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Tropaeolum majus
• Vicia faba
• Vigna unguiculata
• Zea mays
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Araceae (16/16)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (3/5)
• Solanaceae (1/15)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (2/2)
• Caricaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (4/5)
• Compositae (2/2)
• Cruciferae (2/2)
• Cucurbitaceae (3/3)
• Gramineae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (6/6)
• Solanaceae (15 /15)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/1)
• Umbelliferae (1/1)

Comments on host-range

There are conflicting reports on the susceptibility of non-aroids; in European studies some are susceptible, but, in tests Florida and Venezuela, non-aroids were not infected (Zettler and Hartman, 1986).

Sources of host-range data

Chase and Zettler (1982); Debrot and Ordosgoitti (1974); Hartman (1974a); Hartman and Zettler (1972); Rana et al. (1983); Rodrigues et al. (1984); Shanmuganathan (1980); Tooyama (1975a; 1975b); Van der Meer (1985); Wisler et al. (1978); Zettler and Hartman (1986); Zettler et al. (1970).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 60-65 °C. LIV: 3-4 days (at 26ºC (Alconero, 1972)). DEP: log₁₀ minus 2. Leaf sap contains few virions. Electron microscopy: see Chase and Zettler (1982), p. 892.

Purification method

Moghal and Francki (1977); Abo El-Nil et al. (1977).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 750 nm (approximately). Axial canal obscure. Basic helix obscure.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations. Density 1.26 g cm^-3 in CsCl. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 2.38 (specific absorbance at 260 nm).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5 % nucleic acid; 95 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 10 kb (similar in size to other potyviral RNAs). Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 10 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Dougherty and Hiebert (1980).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• S66478 Em(40)_vi:S66478 Gb(84)_un:S66478 (3´ region) dasheen mosaic virus DMV, isolate LA, Genomic, 252 nt. 1/94 252bp.
• U00122 Em(40)_vi:DPU00122 Gb(84)_vi:DMU00122 Dasheen mosaic potyvirus capsid protein gene, complete cds, RNA polymerase gene, partial cds.
• U08124 Em(40)_vi:DM08124 Gb(84)_vi:DMU08124 Dasheen mosaic virus RNA polymerase (NIb) gene, partial cds, and capsid protein (CP) gene, co 4 sequences.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one (; many virion species detected in SDS-PAGE probably due to proteolysis); M_r 29000; capsid protein. Method of preparation: Morales, Zettler and Hiebert (unpublished); Hiebert et al. (1984).

Virus-coded non-virion proteins identified by genomic sequence analysis (Hiebert et al. (1984)); four proteins found. M_r of the largest 69000; cylindrical inclusion protein. M_r of 2nd largest 56000; nuclear inclusion-like protein, polymerase. M_r of 3rd 47000; nuclear inclusion-like protein, protease. M_r of 4th 51000; helper protein for aphid transmisson.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in mesophyll, epidermis and probably phloem; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are pinwheels; they do not contain virions (but virions may be associated with pinwheel inclusions).

Taxonomy and relationships

Potyvirus: Potyviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Blackeye cowpea mosaic, tobacco etch, and araujia mosaic viruses (Hiebert and Charudattan, 1984; Abo El-Nil et al., 1977).

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Potato Y and turnip mosaic viruses.

Additional comments on relationships

The cylindrical inclusion protein (pinwheel) of dasheen mosaic virus is serologically related to that of araujia mosaic virus (Hiebert and Charudattan, 1984). The helper component protein of tobacco vein mottling potyvirus is related to in vitro synthesized gene products of dasheen mosaic virus (Hiebert et al., 1984).

Best tests for diagnosis

Filamentous viruses of Anthurium andraeanum in Venezuela (Herold, 1967) and Zantedeschia aethiopica in the Soviet Union (Kolbasina and Protsenko, 1973) have been reported, but their relationship to dasheen mosaic virus has not been determined. Cucumber mosaic virus (Lovisolo and Conti, 1969), tomato spotted wilt virus (Tomkins and Severin, 1950), and two bacilliform viruses infecting taro (James et al., 1973) can readily be distinguished from dasheen mosaic virus by virion morphology, host range, serology and/or mode of transmission. Banana bunchy top virus in Colocasia (Ram and Summanwar, 1984) and tobacco necrosis virus in Dieffenbachia (Paludan and Begtrup, 1982) can be similarly distinguished.

Comments and References

References

• Abo El-Nil, M.M. and Zettler, F.W. (1976). Pl. Dis. Reptr 60: 281.
• Abo El-Nil, M.M., Zettler, F.W. and Hiebert, E. (1977). Phytopathology 67: 1445.
• Alconero, R. (1972). Pl. Dis. Reptr 56: 320.
• Alconero, R. and Zettler, F.W. (1971). Pl. Dis. Reptr 55: 506.
• Chase, A.R. and Zettler, F.W. (1982). Plant Dis. 66: 891.
• Christie, R.G. and Edwardson, J.R. (1977). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 9, p. 150.
• Debrot, E.A. and Ordosgoitti, A. (1974). Pl. Dis. Reptr 58: 1032.
• Dougherty, W.G. and Hiebert, E. (1980). Virology 101: 466.
• Gollifer, D.E., Jackson, G.V.H., Dabek, A.J., Plumb, R.T. and May, Y.Y. (1977). Pesticide Articles and News Summaries 23: 171.
• Hakkaart, F.A. and Waterreus, H.A.J.I. (1976). Acta Hort. 59: 175.
• Hartman, R.D. (1974a). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Florida, U.S.A..
• Hartman, R.D. (1974b). Phytopathology 64: 237.
• Hartman, R.D. (1972). Phytopathology 62: 804.
• Hartman, R.D., Zettler, F.W., Knauss J.F. and Hawkins, E.M. (1972). Proc. Fla State Hort. Soc. 85: 404.
• Herold, F. (1967). Phytopathology 57: 8.
• Hiebert, E. and Charudattan, R. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 642.
• Hiebert, E., Thornbury, D.W. and Pirone, T.P. (1984). Virology 135: 1.
• Hill, S.A. and Wright, D.M. (1980). Pl. Path. 29: 143.
• James, M., Kenten, R.H. and Woods, R.D. (1973). J. gen. Virol. 21: 145.
• Kolbasina, N.I. and Protsenko, A.E. (1973). Byull. glavn. bot. Sada Leningrad 88: 98.
• Lovisolo, O. and Conti, M. (1969). Annls. Phytopath. 1: 367.
• Moghal, S.M. and Francki, R.I.B. (1977). Virology 73: 352.
• Morales, F.J. and Zettler, F.W. (1977). Fitopatol. Columbiana 6: 134.
• Paludan, N. and Begtrup, J. (1982). Danish Res. Serv. for Plant and Soil Sci. Report No. 1612, p. 399.
• Ram, R.D. and Summanwar, A.S. (1984). Curr. Sci. 53: 145.
• Rana, G.L., Vovlas, C. and Zettler, F.W. (1983). Plant Dis. 67: 1121.
• Rodoni, B. (1986). B.Sc. (Hons) Report, Burnley, P.R.I., Vic. Dep. Agric.
• Rodrigues, M.G.R., Kitajima, E.W. and Lin, M.T. (1984). Fitopatol. Bras. 9: 291.
• Shanmuganathan, N. (1980). F.A.O. Pl. Prot. Bull. 18: 29.
• Tompkins, C.M. and Severin, H.H.P. (1950). Hilgardia 20: 207.
• Tooyama, A. (1975a). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 41: 504.
• Tooyama, A. (1975b). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 41: 506.
• Van der Meer, F.W. (1985). Phytophylactica 17: 95.
• Wisler, G.C., Zettler, F.W., Hartman, R.D. and McRitchie, J.J. (1978). Proc. Fla State Hort. Soc. 91: 237.
• Zettler, F.W. and Hartman, R.D. (1986). Food and Fertilizer Technology Center Ext. Bull. 233.
• Zettler, F.W., Abo El-Nil, M.M. and Hartman, R.D. (1978). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 191, 4 pp.
• Zettler, F.W., Foxe, M.J., Hartman, R.D., Edwardson, R.D. and Christie, R.G. (1970). Phytopathology 60: 983.
• Zettler, F.W., Knauss, J.F., Taylor-Knauss, M.E., Hartman, R.D. and Chase, A.R. (1980). Acta Hort. 110: 259.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.