Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Daphne S (?) carlavirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by H.F. Nielson and K.S. Milne, 1991.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

daphne leaf distortion S carlavirus.

Acronym

DVS

ICTV decimal code

14.0.T.1.013

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms none. Symptoms sometimes downcurling of leaf edges.
• Daphne odora cv. Leucanthe - malformation and downcurling of mature leaves.
• Daphne odora cvs Leucanthe Variegata, Rubra, Rubra variegata, D. × burkwoodii cvs Somerset, Variegata, D. cneorum cvs Major, Variegata, D. × dauphinii, D. genkwa, D. giraldii, D. laureola, D. × napolitana, D. retusa - symptomless.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Myzus persicae; Aphididae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in New Zealand.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Daphne spp. - symptomless.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Daphne odora cvs Leucanthe or Rubra.

Susceptible host species

• Daphne
• Daphne cneorum (cvs Major, Variegata)
• Daphne genkwa
• Daphne giraldii
• Daphne laureola
• Daphne odora (cvs Leucanthe Variegata, Rubra, Rubra variegata)
• Daphne retusa
• Daphne × burkwoodii (cvs Somerset, Variegata)
• Daphne × dauphinii
• Daphne × napolitana

Insusceptible host species

• Antirrhinum majus
• Beta vulgaris
• Capsicum frutescens
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita maxima
• Dianthus barbatus
• Gomphrena globosa
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Pisum sativum
• Spinacia oleracea
• Vicia faba
• Vigna unguiculata

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Thymelaeaceae (10/10)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (4/4)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (4/4)
• Scrophulariaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (6/6)

Sources of host-range data

Forster (1974); Forster and Milne (1978).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

Leaf sap contains few virions. Electron microscopy: flowers or young leaves are good sources of virions.

Purification method

Forster and Milne (1978).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually straight, or usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 720 nm; 13 nm wide. Axial canal obvious. Basic helix obscure.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 174 S (»1). A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.35.

Features of the genome

1 virus specified dsRNA species found in infected cells.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in cytoplasm.

Taxonomy and relationships

Possible Carlavirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Carnation latent and potato S viruses.

Best tests for diagnosis

Flowers or young leaves are good sources of virions for examination by electron microscopy. This virus, which has virions 720 nm long, commonly occurs in mixed infections with daphne Y virus, which has slightly longer (730 nm), less rigid and narrower virions. If, however, all virions appear the same, have a length of c.700-750 nm and can be mechanically transmitted to C. quinoa inducing chlorotic local lesions in 4-6 days, and scattered systemic blotches in 10-28 days then the virus is probably the potyvirus; the carlavirus is not sap transmissible, and other viruses found in daphne but not readily seen in the electron microscope give quite different reactions when sap transmitted to C. quinoa.

Comments and References

References

• Forster, R.L.S. (1974). M.Hort.Sci Thesis, Massey University, New Zealand 137 pp.
• Forster, R.L.S. and Milne, K.S. (1975). N.Z. Jl agric. Res. 18: 391.
• Forster, R.L.S. and Milne, K.S. (1978). N.Z. Jl agric. Res. 21: 131.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.