Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Dahlia mosaic caulimovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by J. Hammond, 1986; A.A. Brunt, 1987.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

dahlia virus 1.

Acronym

DMV

ICTV decimal code

15.0.1.0.005

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Dahlia pinnata - chlorotic vein-banding, mosaic and leaf malformation.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; 16 species, notably Aphis fabae, Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Heinze, 1951, 1952; Brierley and Smith, 1950); Aphididae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner (in an atypical manner, because the virus can be retained by both feeding and by starved M. persicae (Brierley and Smith, 1950)). Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seed.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Brierley (1933; 1951); Brierley and Smith (1950); Heinze (1951; 1952). Dahlia mosaic is prevalent because it is transmitted effectively by several aphid species common on dahlias, and cultivars with few or no symptoms are important reservoirs of infection.

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Verbesina encelioides - chlorotic local lesions then vein-banding, chlorosis and slight malformation.
• Dahlia pinnata - systemic chlorotic vein-banding, then chlorosis and stunting.
• Ageratum conyzoides cv. Blue Ball - chlorotic local lesions, then systemic chlorotic vein-banding and chlorosis.
• Zinnia elegans - symptomless inoculated leaves, then slight systemic malformation, with transient chlorosis.
• Amaranthus caudatus - few chlorotic local lesions, then mild systemic mottle.
• Chenopodium capitatum - no symptoms in inoculated leaves, then conspicuous systemic chlorotic vein-banding and chlorosis.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Verbesina encelioides and Zinnia elegans.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

no reliable local lesion host, but Verbesina encelioides is best for whole plant assay.

Susceptible host species

• Ageratum conyzoides
• Amaranthus caudatus
• Chenopodium capitatum
• Dahlia pinnata
• Verbesina encelioides
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (1/1)
• Compositae (4/4)

Sources of host-range data

Brunt (1971a).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 75-80 °C. LIV: 2-4 days (at 18ºC), or 16-32 days (at 2ºC; Brierley and Smith, 1950; Brunt, 1971). DEP: log₁₀ minus 4. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains few virions. Electron microscopy: use neutral 2% PTA, in other stains such as UA or UF the virions are swollen or disrupted, even after fixing.

Purification method

Brunt (1971b).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 48-50 nm in diameter; angular in profile.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 254 S.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 14.5-15 % nucleic acid (Goméc, 1973); 85-85.5 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of DNA; double-stranded; circular. Total genome size 6.8 kb (pairs). Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part c. 6.8 kb (pairs).

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in mesophyll, epidermis, xylem, phloem sieve tubes and enlarged plasmodesmata (Kitajima and Lauritis, 1969); in cytoplasm and in the perinuclear space; associated with dictyosomes or Golgi cisternae (Kitajima et al., 1969). Inclusions present in infected cells (Brunt, 1969; Kitajima and Lauritis, 1969; Kitajima et al., 1969); are unusual in shape; electron-dense amorphous often vacuolated matrix; they contain virions (in great numbers and apparently hollow, 40-45 nm in diameter).

Taxonomy and relationships

Caulimovirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Cauliflower mosaic (Brunt, 1966; 1969) and carnation etched ring viruses (Hollings and Stone, 1969).

Additional comments on relationships

Antisera to dahlia mosaic and cauliflower mosaic virus differ little in homologous and heterologous titres in agar gel (0.8%) double diffusion tests. However neither virus infects the natural host of the other.

Best tests for diagnosis

Tobacco streak, tobacco rattle, tomato spotted wilt and cucumber mosaic viruses also infect dahlia. Unlike dahlia mosaic, however, each of these viruses is readily isolated and identified serologically and/or by the reactions of Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Nicotiana glutinosa, N. tabacum and Vigna unguiculata.

Comments and References

References

• Brandenburg, E. (1928). Forsch. Geb. Pflkrankh., Berlin 5: 39.
• Brierley, P. (1933). Contr. Boyce Thompson Inst. Pl. Res. 5: 235.
• Brierley, P. (1951). Pl. Dis. Reptr 35: 405.
• Brierley, P. and Smith, F.F. (1950). Pl. Dis. Reptr 34: 363.
• Brunt, A.A. (1966). Virology 28: 778.
• Brunt, A.A. (1969). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1968, 104.
• Brunt, A.A. (1971a). Ann. appl. Biol. 67: 357.
• Brunt, A.A. (1971b). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 51, 4 pp.
• Goméc, B. (1973). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Calif. Davis, California, U.S.A.
• Heinze, K. (1951). Mitt. biol. BundesAnst. Land. Forstw. 71, 126 pp.
• Heinze, K. (1952). Z. PflKrankh. PflPath. PflSchutz. 59: 3.
• Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1969). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. for 1968, p. 102.
• Kitajima, E.W. and Lauritis, J.A. (1969). Virology 37: 681.
• Kitajima, E.W., Lauritis, J.A. and Swift, H. (1969). Virology 39: 240.
• Richins, R.D. and Shepherd, R.J. (1983). Virology 124: 208.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.