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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Cowpea severe mosaic comovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by C.P. de Jager, 1980. Revised 1983. Revised 1989 by G. Bruening.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

Puerto Rico cowpea mosaic virus.

Acronym

CPSMV

Strains

see Beier et al. (1977); Agrawal (1964).

ICTV decimal code

18.0.1.0.008

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Calopogonium mucunoides, Canavalia ensiformis, Centrosema pubescens, Crotalaria juncea, Desmodium canescens, Glycine max, Macroptilium lathyroides, Phaseolus vulgaris, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, Vigna radiata, V. unguiculata - chlorotic lesions, concentric ringspots often becoming necrotic; vein clearing, then mosaic, and malformation and blistering of younger leaves.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Ceratoma arcuata, C. ruficornis, C. trifurcata, C. variegata, Chalcodermus bimaculatus, Diabrotica balteata, D. speciosa, D. virgifera, D. undecimpunctata, Diphaulaca sp., Epilachna varivestis, Acalymma vittatum; Coleoptera. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by seed (10% in V. unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis, 8% in V. unguiculata, varies with strain and cultivar); transmitted by pollen to the seed.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the North American region and the South and Central American region. Found, but with no evidence of spread, in Peru.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium amaranticolor, Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Pinto - necrotic local lesions; not systemic.
• Vigna unguiculata - systemic mosaic, vein yellowing or yellow netting, leaf malformation.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Prince, Vigna unguiculata cvs Blackeye, Early Ramshorn, Blackeye 5, Pituiba.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), C. quinoa (L), Canavalia ensiformis (W), Phaseolus vulgaris cvs Pinto, Scotia, (L) Vigna unguiculata cv. Arlington (W).

Susceptible host species

• Cajanus cajan (cvs Khaki, Saragateado, Amarillo, 6 Selections)
• Calopogonium mucunoides
• Canavalia ensiformis
• Cassia occidentalis
• Catharanthus roseus
• Centrosema pubescens
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium capitatum
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Crotalaria juncea
• Datura stramonium
• Desmodium canescens
• Glycine max (8 cultivars)
• Gomphrena globosa
• Macroptilium lathyroides
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana tabacum (cvs Samsun NN, Ambalena, Virginia 115, Wisonsin Havana 425)
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris (18/25 cultivars)
• Pisum sativum (cv. Dwarf Telephone)
• Psophocarpus tetragonolobus
• Sesbania exaltata
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Vigna radiata
• Vigna unguiculata (cvs Going, Early Red, PI 221731, Blackeye Early Ramshorn)

Insusceptible host species

• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (4/4)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (15/16)
• Solanaceae (5/5)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/16)

Comments on host-range

Cowpea severe mosaic comovirus has a wider host range among cowpea cvs than cowpea mosaic comovirus (Beier et al., 1977).

Sources of host-range data

Perez and Cortez-Monllor (1970); Swaans and van Kammen (1973).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 65-70 °C. LIV: 5 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 4-5. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Klootwijk et al. (1977).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 25 nm in diameter; angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

Three sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 115 S (B); of the other(s) 95 S (M), or 58 S (T).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 36 % nucleic acid (B), or 25 % nucleic acid (M), or 0 % nucleic acid (T); 64 % protein (B), or 75 % protein (M), or 100 % protein (T).

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded. Total genome size 9.73 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part 6 kb (RNA-1); the 2nd largest 3.73 kb (RNA-2). 5´ terminus of RNA has a VPg (Daubert and Bruening, 1979). Infectivity retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region present.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• M83309 Em(40)_vi:COMCPSRNA Gb(84)_vi:CPSRNA2A Cowpea severe mosaic virus RNA-2 region. 7/92 3,732bp
• M83830 Em(40)_vi:COMCPSRN1 Gb(84)_vi:CPSRNA1A Cowpea severe mosaic virus complete RNA1 sequence (isolated from Vigna unguiculata). 4/93 5,9 2 sequences.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) three; M_r of the largest 39000. M_r of 2nd largest 22000. M_r of 3rd largest c. 4000.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in mesophyll; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the cytoplasm and unusual in shape; vacuolated structures adjacent to the nucleus.

Taxonomy and relationships

Comovirus: Comoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Bean pod mottle virus is related closely; Andean potato mottle, red clover mottle, pea green mottle and cowpea mosaic viruses are related distantly; radish mosaic, quail pea mosaic, bean rugose mosaic, pea mild mosaic and broad bean stain viruses are very distantly related.

Comments and References

References

• Agrawal, H.O. (1964). Meded. Landb. Hoogesch. Wagen. 64: 1.
• Agrawal, H.O. and Maat, D.Z. (1964). Nature, Lond. 202: 674.
• Beier, H., Siler, D.J., Russell, M.L. and Bruening, G. (1977). Phytopathology 67: 917.
• Daubert, S. and Bruening, G. (1979). Virology 98: 246.
• de Jager, C.P. (1979). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 209, 5 pp.
• Klootwijk, J., Klein, I., Zabel, P. and van Kammen, A. (1977). Cell 11: 73.
• Lin, M.T., Anjos, J.R.N. and Rios, G.P. (1981). Phytopathology 71: 435.
• Perez, J.E. and Cortez-Monllor, A. (1970). Pl. Dis. Reptr 54: 212.
• Smith, C.E. (1924). Science 60: 268.
• Swaans, H. and van Kammen, A. (1973). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 79: 257.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.