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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Cowpea mosaic comovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by C.P. de Jager, 1980. Revised 1983. Revised by G. Bruening.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

cowpea yellow mosaic virus.

Acronym

CPMV

Strains

cowpea mosaic comovirus SB strain and cowpea mosaic comovirus Vu strain (Agrawal, 1964).

ICTV decimal code

18.0.1.0.007

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Vigna unguiculata, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea - mosaic, vein yellowing, leaf malformation.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Ootheca mutabilis, Paraluperodes quaternus, Nematocerus acerbus, Ceratoma variegata, C. ruficornis, C. trifurcata, Diabrotica balteata, D. undecimpunctata howardi, D. virgifera, Acalymma vittatum; Coleoptera. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by seed (1-5%).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Cuba, Kenya, Nigeria, Suriname, and Tanzania. Found, but with no evidence of spread, in the U.S.A.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show necrotic or chlorotic local lesions and systemic mosaic, necrotic or chlorotic streaks.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium amaranticolor - necrotic local lesions, systemic chlorotic spots and streaks, and apical deformation.
• Canavalia ensiformis.
• Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Pinto - necrotic or chlorotic local lesions.
• Vigna unguiculata cv. Blackeye - chlorotic local lesions, systemic mosaic.
• Vigna unguiculata cv. Chinese Red × Iron - pinpoint necrotic local lesions.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Nicotiana glutinosa.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Vigna unguiculata cvs Blackeye Early Ramshorn, Blackeye 5.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), Canavalia ensiformis (L), Phaseolus vulgaris cvs Pinto (L), Scotia (L), Vigna unguiculata cv. Early Red (L).

Susceptible host species

• Antirrhinum majus
• Cajanus cajan
• Canavalia ensiformis
• Cassia tora
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Crotalaria juncea
• Crotalaria spectabilis
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Datura stramonium
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Lablab purpureus
• Mucuna deeringianum
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus lunatus
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Pisum sativum
• Spinacia oleracea
• Vicia faba
• Vigna angularis
• Vigna radiata
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis
• Zinnia elegans

Insusceptible host species

• Apium graveolens
• Arachis hypogaea
• Beta vulgaris
• Capsicum frutescens
• Crotalaria retusa
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Lathyrus odoratus
• Lens culinaris
• Lupinus albus
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium
• Macrotyloma uniflorum
• Medicago sativa
• Melilotus albus
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana rustica
• Physalis peruviana
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum tuberosum
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Trifolium pratense
• Trifolium repens
• Tropaeolum majus
• Vicia sativa
• Vicia villosa

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (3/4)
• Compositae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (17/30)
• Scrophulariaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (4/12)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (1/4)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (13/30)
• Solanaceae (8/12)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/1)
• Umbelliferae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Thornberry (1966); Swaans and van Kammen (1973); Hampton et al. (1978).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 55-65 °C. LIV: 4-10 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 5. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Klootwijk et al. (1977).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 20-24 nm in diameter; angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

Three sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 119 S (B); of the other(s) 98 S (M), or 60 S (T). Density 1.447 g cm^-3 in CsCl (B), or 1.406 g cm^-3 in CsCl (M₂), or 1.395 g cm^-3 in CsCl (M₁), or 1.288 g cm^-3 in CsCl (T). Isoelectric point pH 5-7. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.74 (B), or 1.61 (M).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 34.5 % nucleic acid (B), or 24 % nucleic acid (M), or 0 % nucleic acid (T); 65.5 % protein (B), or 76 % protein (M), or 100 % protein (T). Also 1.9% carbohydrates and polyamines: spermidine 5.05 mg/mg, spermine 0.17 mg/mg.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 10.4 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part the larger 6.6 kb; the 2nd largest 3.8 kb. Base composition 23.5 % G; 27.9 % A; 18.1 % C; 30.5 % U. Infectivity retained when deproteinised with proteases, or decreased when deproteinised with proteases; retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region present (El Manna and Bruening, 1973). Genome has no tRNA-like activity. Nucleotide sequence references: Van Wezenbeek et al. (1983); Lomonossoff and Shanks (1983).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• J02064 Em(40)_vi:COBRNA Gb(84)_vi:MCPBRNA cowpea mosaic virus bottom comp. (b-rna); rgn of 1st aug. 4/90 149bp.
• J02065 Em(40)_vi:COMRNA Gb(84)_vi:MCPMRNA cowpea mosaic virus middle comp. (b-rna); rgn of 1st aug. 4/90 325bp.
• M10534 Em(40)_vi:COMMCPM5 Gb(84)_vi:MCPM5E Cowpea mosaic virus M RNA, 5´ end. 7/89 87bp.
• M10535 Em(40)_vi:COMMCPB5 Gb(84)_vi:MCPB5E Cowpea mosaic virus B genmic RNA, 5´ end. 7/89 79bp.
• M25438 Em(40)_vi:COMMCPRN Gb(84)_vi:MCPRNA3A Cowpea mosaic virus M RNA 3´ terminal sequence. 7/90 80bp.
• M25439 Gb(84)_vi:MCPRNA3B Cowpea mosaic virus B RNA 3´ terminal sequence. 9/90 80bp.
• X00206 Em(40)_vi:COCPMVB Gb(84)_vi:COCPMVB Cowpea mosaic virus bottom component RNA (B RNA). 9/93 5,889bp
• X00729 Em(40)_vi:COCPMVM Gb(84)_vi:COCPMVM Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) middle-component RNA (M RNA). 9/93 3,481bp. 8 sequences.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions. Sub-genomic mRNA not found in infected cells.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) three (one of these is derived from another by proteolytic trimming of the carboxyl terminus - Kridl and Bruening, 1983); M_r 40700. M_r of 2nd largest 23708. M_r of 3rd largest 3538. Method of preparation: Kridl and Bruening (1983). Amino acid sequence: Van Wezenbeek et al. (1983). Virion proteins glycosylated; are covalently linked carbohydrates (Partridge et al., 1974).

Replication

Genome replicates in cytoplasm (in membranous structures). Coat protein mRNA translated in the cytoplasm. Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in mesophyll; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the cytoplasm and unusual in shape; electron dense material within vacuolated vesicles or membranous tubules; they contain virions. Other cellular changes: membranous tubules containing rows of virion-like particles that cross large vacuoles or are embedded in enlarged plasmodesmata.

Taxonomy and relationships

Comovirus: Comoviridae (type species of the genus - SB isolate)

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Cowpea severe mosaic, glycine mosaic (GW strain), broad bean true mosaic, bean rugose mosaic and red clover mottle viruses.

Comments and References

References

• Agrawal, H.O. (1964). Meded. Landb. Hoogesch. Wagen. 64: 1.
• Agrawal, H.O. and Maat, D.Z. (1964). Nature, Lond. 202: 674.
• Beier, H., Bruening, G., Russell, M.L. and Tucjer, C.L. (1979). Virology 95: 165.
• Beier, H., Siler, D.J., Russell, M.L. and Bruening, G. (1977). Phytopathology 67: 917.
• Bruening, G. (1969). Virology 56: 577.
• Bruening, G. and Agrawal, H.O. (1967). Virology 32: 306.
• Chant, S.R. (1959). Ann. appl. Biol. 77: 565.
• Davies, J.E., Stanley, J. and van Kammen, A. (1979). Nucl. Acids Res. 7: 493.
• El Manna, M.M. and Bruening, G. (1973). Virology 56: 198.
• Geelen, J.L.M.C., van Kammen, A. and Verduin, B.J.M. (1972). Virology 49: 205.
• Hampton, R., Beczner, L., Hagedorn, D., Bos, L., Inouye, T., Barnett, O., Musil, M. and Meiners, J. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 989.
• Klootwijk, J., Klein, I., Zabel, P., and van Kammen, A. (1977). Cell 11: 73.
• Kridl, J.C. and Bruening, G. (1983). Virology 129: 369.
• Lomonossoff, G.P. and Shanks, M. (1983). EMBO J. 2: 2253
• Partridge, J.E., Shannon, L.M., Gumpf, D.J. and Colbaugh, P. (1974). Nature, Lond. 247: 391.
• Siler, D.J., Babcock, J. and Bruening, G. (1976). Virology 71: 560.
• Stanley, J. and van Kammen, A. (1979). Eur. J. Biochem. 101: 45.
• Swaans, H. and van Kammen, A. (1973). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 79: 257.
• Thornberry, H.H. (1966). In: Index of Plant Virus Diseases. U.S. Dep. Agric. Hdbk No. 307, p.247.
• Van Kammen, A. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 47, 4 pp.
• Van Kammen, A. and de Jager, C.P. (1978). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 197, 6 pp.
• Van Lent, J.W.M., Wellink, J. and Goldbach, R. (1990). J. gen. Virol. 71: 219.
• Van Wezenbeck, P., Verrer, J., Harmsen, J., Vos, P. and van Kammen, A. (1983). EMBO J. 2: 941.
• Wellink, J., van Lent, J.W.M. and Goldbach, R. (1988). J. gen. Virol. 69: 751.
• Wu, G.J. and Bruening, G. (1971). Virology 46: 596.
• Zimmern, D. (1984). EMBO J. 3: 855.

Illustrations

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.