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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Cowpea mild mottle (?) carlavirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by A.A. Brunt, 1980. Revised 1989 by N.M. Horn.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

bean angular mosaic virus (Costa et al., 1983; Gaspar et al., 1985), voandezia mosaic virus, groundnut crinkle virus, probably Psophocarpus necrotic mosaic virus (Fauquet and Thouvenel, 1987; Fortuner et al., 1979).

Acronym

CPMMV

Strains

tomato pale chlorosis virus (Antignus and Cohen, 1987; Cohen and Antignus, 1982), voandzeia mosaic virus (Fauquet and Thouvenel, 1987).

ICTV decimal code

14.0.T.2.002

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms vary seasonally.
• Vigna unguiculata cv. Blackeye - chlorotic blotches, systemic mottling and malformation.
• Arachis hypogaea - necrotic local lesions, chlorotic rings, systemic chlorosis, rolling, veinal necrosis.
• Canavalia ensiformis, Glycine max - vein mosaic and chlorosis, apical necrosis and malformation.
• Vigna subterranea, Lycopersicon esculentum - mottling.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Bemisia tabaci; Aleyrodidae. Transmitted in a semi-persistent manner. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; some isolates transmitted by seed (and others not; Horn et al., 1991; Jeyanandarajah and Brunt, 1993).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Brazil, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Fiji, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Israel, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, the Solomon Islands, Tanzania, Thailand, and Yemen.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show chlorotic local lesions, systemic mottle or not systemic.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Beta vulgaris, Chenopodium murale, C. quinoa - chlorotic local lesions.
• Arachis hypogaea, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Glycine max, Vigna unguiculata, Nicotiana clevelandii - systemic mottle.
• Tetragonia tetragonioides - chlorotic local lesions; not systemic.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, Nicotiana clevelandii.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Beta vulgaris, Chenopodium quinoa.

Susceptible host species

• Arachis hypogaea
• Beta vulgaris
• Cajanus cajan
• Canavalia ensiformis
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium foetidum
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Phaseolus lunatus
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Spinacia oleracea
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Theobroma cacao
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Vigna subterranea
• Vigna unguiculata

Insusceptible host species

• Ageratum conyzoides
• Atriplex hortensis
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis
• Brassica juncea
• Brassica oleracea var. capitata
• Capsicum annuum
• Catharanthus roseus
• Celosia argentea
• Cicer arietinum
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita moschata
• Dahlia pinnata
• Datura stramonium
• Helianthus annuus
• Lens culinaris
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Ocimum basilicum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Physalis floridana
• Phytolacca americana
• Pisum sativum
• Senecio vulgaris
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum tuberosum
• Torenia fournieri
• Tropaeolum majus
• Verbesina encelioides
• Vicia faba
• Vigna radiata
• Zea mays
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/2)
• Chenopodiaceae (6/7)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (9/14)
• Solanaceae (2/13)
• Sterculiaceae (1/1)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/2)
• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (1/7)
• Compositae (6/6)
• Cruciferae (3/3)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/2)
• Gramineae (1/1)
• Labiatae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (5/14)
• Phytolaccaceae (1 /1)
• Scrophulariaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (11/13)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Brunt et al. (1973).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 65-70 °C. LIV: 4 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 3-4. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Brunt et al. (1973).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually straight; with a clear modal length; of 650 nm; 13 nm wide. Axial canal obscure; 2-3 nm in diameter. Basic helix obscure.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 165 S.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5 % nucleic acid; 95 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded. Additional factor not required for infectivity.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 35700.

Cytopathology

Virions found in mesophyll, epidermis and palisade parenchyma; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape; of brush-like structure; apparently they contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Possible Carlavirus

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

12 recognised members of the carlavirus group (Iwaki et al., 1982; Adams and Barbara, 1982; Brunt et al., 1983).

Comments and References

References

• Adams, A.N. and Barbara, D.J. (1982). Ann. appl. Biol. 101: 495.
• Anon. (1987). Rep. Int. Inst. Trop. Agric. 1986, Ibadan.
• Antignus, Y. and Cohen, S. (1987). Ann. appl. Biol. 110: 563.
• Brunt, A.A. and Kenten, R.H. (1973). Ann. appl. Biol. 74: 67.
• Brunt, A.A. and Kenten, R.H. (1974). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 140, 4 pp.
• Brunt, A.A. and Phillips, S. (1981). Trop. Agric. Trinidad 58: 177.
• Brunt, A.A., Atkey, P.T. and Woods, R.D. (1983). Intervirology 20: 137.
• Cohen, S. and Antignus, Y. (1982). Phytoparasitica 10: 101.
• Costa, A.S., Gaspar, J.O. and Vega, J. (1983). Fitopatol. Bras. 8: 325.
• Dubera, J. and Dollet, M. (1981). Phytopath. Z. 101: 337.
• Fauquet, C. and Thouvenel, J.-C. (1987). In: Plant Viral Diseases in the Ivory Coast, No. 46, p. 132. ORSTOM, Paris.
• Fortuner, R., Fauquet, C. and Lourd, M. (1979). Pl. Dis. Reptr 63: 194.
• Gaspar, J.O., Beriam, L.O.S., Alves, M.N., Oliveira, A.R. and Costa, A.S. (1985). Fitopatol. Bras. 10: 195.
• Horn, N.M., Nasin, S. and Yuliantoro, B. (1989). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 97 125.
• Iizuka, N., Rajeshwari, R., Reddy, D.V.R., Goto, T., Muniyappa, V., Bharathan, N. and Ganekar, A.M. (1984). Phytopath. Z. 109: 245.
• Jeyanandarajah, P. and Brunt, A.A. (1993). J. Phytopathology 137: 148.
• Iwaki, M., Thongmeearkom, P., Prommin, M., Honda, Y. and Hibi, T. (1982). Plant Dis. 66: 365.
• Mink, G.I. (1972). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 92, 4 pp.
• Mali, V.R., Nirmal, D.D., Nolt, B.L., Rajeshwar, R., Bharathan, N. and Reddy, D.V.R. (1987). Indian Phytopath. 40 22.
• Mink, G.I. and Keswani, C.L. (1987). Pl. Dis. Reptr. 71: 557.
• Sun, M.K.C. and Hebert, T.T. (1972). Phytopathology 62: 832.
• Thouvenel, J.C., Fauquet, C. and Monsarret, A. (1982). Plant Dis. 66: 336.
• Walkey, D.G.A., Alhubaishi, A.A. and Webb, M.J.W. (1990). Trop. Pest Manag. 36: 195.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.