Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by L.C. Lane, 1981.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

bean yellow stipple virus, virus del moteado amarillo.

Acronym

CCMV

ICTV decimal code

10.0.3.0.005

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Vigna unguiculata, Glycine max - bright leaf mottle.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Ceratoma ruficornis, C. trifurcata, Diabrotica balteata, D. undecimpunctata; Coleoptera. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Costa Rica and the USA.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show necrotic local lesions or streaks, mosaics.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium hybridum, C. quinoa, Glycine max - necrotic local lesions or streaks.
• Vigna unguiculata - systemic mosaic, mottle, streaks.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Chenopodium quinoa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, Nicotiana benthamiana.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium hybridum (L), Glycine max (L).

Susceptible host species

• Beta vulgaris
• Cajanus cajan
• Cassia occidentalis
• Cassia tora
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium hybridum
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Lablab purpureus
• Lupinus albus
• Macroptilium lathyroides
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus lunatus
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Pisum sativum
• Vicia faba
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis
• Zea mays

Insusceptible host species

• Arachis hypogaea
• Capsicum frutescens
• Crotalaria spectabilis
• Desmodium tortuosum
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Physalis peruviana
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (5/5)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/2)
• Gramineae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (13/16)
• Solanaceae (3/7)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Compositae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (3/16)
• Solanaceae (4/7)

Sources of host-range data

Kuhn (1964); Lane (1974, 1981).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 67-76 °C. LIV: 1-44 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 3-5. Infectivity of sap increased by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Lane (1974).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 26 nm in diameter; rounded in profile; with a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations, or three sedimenting components in purified preparations (1 component at pH 3-6, 3 components at pH 7); sedimentation coefficient 88 S (at pH 3-6). Density 1.36 g cm^-3 in CsCl. Isoelectric point pH 3.7. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.7.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 23.7 % nucleic acid; 76.3 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 8.444 kb. Genome of three parts (but encapsidated with mRNA of virion proteins); largest (or only) genome part the largest 3.171 kb; the 2nd largest 3.1 kb; the 3rd largest 2.173 kb. Base composition 26.4 % G; 25.3 % A; 20.3 % C; 28.2 % U. 5´ terminus of RNA has a methylated nucleotide cap. Infectivity retained when deproteinised with proteases, or decreased when deproteinised with proteases; retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region absent. Genome has tRNA-like activity. Genome accepts tyrosine. Nucleotide sequence references: Gunn et al. (1980); Ahlquist et al. (1981).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• J02052 Em(40)_vi:CORNA3 Gb(84)_vi:MCCRNA3 Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus rna 3, complete coat protein cds and complete rna 4 span. 6/94
• K01779 Em(40)_vi:CORNA1 Gb(84)_vi:MCCRNA1 Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus rna 1, 3´ end. 6/94 208bp.
• K01780 Em(40)_vi:CORNA2 Gb(84)_vi:MCCRNA2 Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus rna 2, 3´ end. 6/94 234bp.
• M18658 Em(40)_vi:BRMCCRNA Gb(84)_vi:MCCRNA4 Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) RNA 4, 3´ end. 7/89 166bp.
• M28817 Gb(84)_vi:MCCRNAA2 Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus RNA2, encoding 2a protein, complete cds. 3/90 2,774bp.
• M28818 Em(40)_vi:MCCRNAA3 Gb(84)_vi:MCCRNAA3 Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus RNA3, encoding 3a protein and coat protein, complete cds. 4/90
• M65139 Em(40)_vi:MCCP1A Gb(84)_vi:MCCP1A Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) 1a protein gene, complete cds. 8/92 3,171bp. 7 sequences.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions; is subgenomic mRNA (for the coat protein, and named RNA-4). Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells; the coat protein mRNA.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 19600. Method of preparation: Lane: salt dissociation with NaCl or CaCl₂. Amino acid composition: Casey (1979); Rees et al. (1979).

Replication

Genome replicates probably in cytoplasm (but there is no direct evidence). Coat protein mRNA translated in the cytoplasm. Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm and in cell vacuoles. Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape; of irregular or crystalloid structure; they contain virions. Other cellular changes: proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum.

Taxonomy and relationships

Bromovirus: Bromoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Brome mosaic virus, but distantly; broad bean mottle virus is very distantly related.

Comments and References

References

• Ahlquist, P., Dasgupta, R. and Kaesberg, P. (1981). Cell 23: 183.
• Bancroft, J.B. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 49, 4 pp.
• Bancroft, J.B., Hiebert, E., Rees, M.W. and Markham, R. (1968). Virology 34: 224.
• Casey, R. (1979). J. gen. Virol. 43: 143.
• Christie, R.G. and Edwardson, J.R. (1977). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 9, p. 115.
• Dzianott, A.M. and Bujarski, J.J. (1991). Virology 185: 553.
• Gunn, M.R. and Symons, R.H. (1980). FEBS. Lett. 115: 77.
• Kuhn, C.W. (1964). Phytopathology 54: 739.
• Lane, L.C. (1974). Adv. Virus Res. 19: 151.
• Lane, L.C. (1981). In: Handbook of Plant Virus Infections and Comparative Diagnosis, p. 333; ed. E. Kurstak. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
• Langenberg, W.G. (1979). J. Ultrastruct. Res. 66: 120.
• Malorni, M.C. (1979). Rep. John Innes Inst. 1979, p.101.
• Rees, M.W. and Short, M.N. (1980). Rep. John Innes Inst. 1979, p.102.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.