Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Clover yellow vein potyvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by O.W. Barnett, R.H. Baum, S. Scott, B. Reddick, 1981. Revised 1987; and on the broad bean mild mosaic strain by Tien Po, 1983.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

dendrobium mosaic virus, pea mottle virus (Pratt, 1961; Johnson, 1942), pea necrosis virus (Bos et al., 1977), probably alsike clover mosaic virus, pea western ringspot virus.

Acronym

ClYVV

Strains

broad bean mild mosaic virus (Yu, 1939; 1979), CYVV Hollings and CYVV-Pratt are `typical' isolates. CYVV-PQ and other Australian isolates are distantly related to the type isolates.

ICTV decimal code

57.0.1.0.017

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms vary seasonally.
• Coriandrum sativum, Daucus carota (wild and domestic), Pisum sativum, Trifolium hybridum, T. incarnatum, T. pratense, T. repens, T. subterraneum, T. vesiculosum - mosaics, mottles or streaks, vein yellowing or netting.
• Limonium sinuatum - (Lawson et al., 1985).
• Lupinus luteus, Lupinus sp. - (Abu-Samah et al., 1983).
• Glycine max - (Jones et al., 1977).

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Acyrthosiphon (Aulacorthum) solani, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus persicae (Singh et al., 1971); Aphididae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation.

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide (wherever white clover occurs).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show chlorotic or necrotic local lesions systemic mosaic or necrosis.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

CYVV-Pratt strain):
• Chenopodium quinoa - chlorotic or necrotic local lesions; systemic mosaic and necrosis.
• Phaseolus vulgaris - chlorotic local lesions; systemic mosaic.
• Nicotiana clevelandii - chlorotic or necrotic local lesions; systemic mosaic and necrosis.
• N. tabacum - necrotic ringspots; not systemic.
• Trifolium repens - mosaic and chlorotic banding or symptomless.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Cucumis sativus, but susceptible to pea necrosis strain.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Pisum sativum, Nicotiana clevelandii.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Nicotiana clevelandii.

Susceptible host species

• Amaranthus caudatus
• Antirrhinum majus
• Arachis hypogaea
• Atriplex hortensis
• Beta vulgaris
• Cassia occidentalis
• Celosia argentea
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Coriandrum sativum
• Crotalaria spectabilis
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Daucus carota
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Helianthus annuus
• Lathyrus odoratus
• Limonium sinuatum
• Lupinus
• Lupinus luteus
• Medicago sativa
• Melilotus albus
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana occidentalis
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Nicotiana × edwardsonii
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Pisum sativum
• Spinacia oleracea
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Torenia fournieri
• Trifolium hybridum
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Trifolium pratense
• Trifolium repens
• Trifolium subterraneum
• Trifolium vesiculosum
• Vicia faba
• Vicia villosa
• Vigna unguiculata
• Zinnia elegans

Insusceptible host species

• Apium graveolens
• Capsicum annuum
• Catharanthus roseus
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita maxima
• Cucurbita pepo
• Datura metel
• Datura stramonium
• Lactuca sativa
• Lespedeza stipulacea
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana rustica
• Ocimum basilicum
• Pastinaca sativa
• Petroselinum crispum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus lunatus
• Phlox drummondii
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum tuberosum
• Tithonia speciosa
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis
• Zea mays

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (3/3)
• Chenopodiaceae (6/6)
• Compositae (2/4)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/3)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (19/22)
• Plumbaginaceae (1/1)
• Scrophulariaceae (2/2)
• Solanaceae (7 /16)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)
• Umbelliferae (2/5)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Compositae (2/4)
• Cucurbitaceae (3/3)
• Gramineae (1/1)
• Labiatae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (3/22)
• Polemoniaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (9/16)
• Umbelliferae (3 /5)

Sources of host-range data

Singh et al. (1971); Edwardson and Christie (1986); Bos et al. (1974); Lindsten et al. (1976); Hampton et al. (1978); Howell et al. (1981); Munro (1981).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 65 °C. LIV: 2-8 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 3-5. Leaf sap contains few virions. Electron microscopy: different lengths are obtained in different media.

Purification method

Reddick and Barnett (1983), for an example which uses, PEG, Triton X-100 and Cs₂SO₄ gradients; complete rapidly to avoid coat protein degradation.

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 760 nm (divalent cations may increase lengths); 12-15 nm wide. Axial canal obscure. Basic helix obvious (in uranyl formate).

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 159.5 S.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5 % nucleic acid; 95 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 9.5 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 9.5 kb. Poly A region present.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D00605 Em(40)_vi:CYVCAP Gb(84)_vi:CYVCAP Clover yellow vein virus capsid protein gene, complete cds. 3/91 1,357bp.
• S77521 Em(40)_vi:S77521 Gb(84)_vi:S77521 viral coat protein (3´ region) clover yellow vein virus CYVV, strain B, Genomic RNA, 1018 nt 2 sequences.

Features of proteins

Virus-coded non-virion proteins isolated (Nagel et al. (1983)); two proteins found. M_r of the largest 59000. M_r of 2nd largest 49000.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape; small crystals in close association with the nucleus, or large and irregular shaped in the nucleus, and cylindrical in the cytoplasm consisting of pinwheels, bundles and laminated aggregates (Edwardson's Group II); they do not contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Potyvirus: Potyviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Bean yellow mosaic, pea mosaic, blackeye cowpea mosaic and soybean mosaic viruses.

Differences between type strain and others

The broad bean mild mosaic strain in China gives mottled elongated leaves in Vicia faba (Yu, 1979), and is transmitted in the non-persistent manner by Aphis rumicis and Macrosiphum pisum, unlike the type strain it infects Trifolium pratense and T. repens.

Additional comments on relationships

With random primed cDNA and S1 nuclease, several CYVV strains show close homology but no hybridization was detected between CYVV strains and bean yellow mosaic, BYMV (PMV) 204-1, or sweet pea mosaic virus.

Best tests for diagnosis

Often confused with bean yellow mosaic potyvirus especially in white clover.

Comments and References

General comments

Pea western ringspot virus is probably a mixed infection with cucumber mosaic virus; R.O. Hampton, personal communication).

References

• Abu-Samah, N. and Randles, J.W. (1983). Ann. appl. Biol. 103: 97.
• Barnett, O.W., Randles, J.W. and Burrows, P.M. (1987). Phytopathology 77: 791.
• Bos, L., Lindsten, K. and Maat, D.Z. (1977). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 83: 97.
• Edwardson, J.R. (1974). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 5.
• Edwardson, J.R. and Christie, R.G. (1986). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 14, p. 410.
• Gibbs, A.J., Hecht Poinar, E., Woods, R.D. and McKee, R.K. (1966). J. gen. Microbiol. 44: 177.
• Hampton, R., Beczner, L., Hagedorn, D., Bos, L., Inouye, T., Barnett, O., Musil, M. and Meiners, J. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 989.
• Hollings, M. and Nariani, T.K. (1965). Ann. appl. Biol. 56: 99.
• Hollings, M. (1965). Ann. appl. Biol. 55: 447.
• Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1974). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst.
• Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1974). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 131, 4 pp.
• Horváth, J. (1979). Acta Phytopath. Acad. Sci. Hung. 14: 157.
• Howell, W.E. and Mink, G.I. (1981). Pl. Dis. Reptr 65: 277.
• Johnson, F. (1942). Phytopathology 32: 103.
• Jones, R.T. and Diachun, S. (1977). Phytopathology 67: 831.
• Jones, R.T. and Gordon, D.T. (1974). Proc. Phytop. Soc. 1-116-107.
• Jones, R.T. and Diachun, S. (1976). Pl. Dis. Reptr 60: 690.
• Lawson, R.H., Brannigan, M.D. and Foster, J. (1985). Phytopathology 75: 899.
• Lindsten, K.S., Brishammer, S. and Tomenius, K. (1976). Meddn. St. VäxtskAnst. 16: 289.
• Munro, D. (1981). Aust. Pl. Path. Soc. Newsl. 10: 61.
• Nagel, J., Zettler, F.W., and Hiebert, E. (1983). Phytopathology 73: 449.
• Pratt, M. (1961). Can. J. Bot. 39: 655.
• Singh, R.P. and Lopez-Abella, D. (1971). Phytopathology 61: 333.
• Varma, A., Gibbs, A.J., Woods, R.D. and Finch, J.T. (1968). J. gen. Virol. 2: 107.
• Yu, T.F. (1939). Phytopathology 29: 448.
• Yu, T.F. (1979). Vicia faba Diseases Scientific Press, Peking. (in Chinese).

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.