Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Clover wound tumor phytoreovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by L.M. Black, 1981. Revised 1984 and 1986.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

wound tumor virus, clover big vein virus, Aureogenus magnivena virus, Trifoliumvirus nervicrassans virus.

Acronym

WTV

Strains

NJ and WT.

ICTV decimal code

60.0.8.0.004

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Trifolium incarnatum, Melilotus officinalis - irregular vein enlargement on the abaxial surface of leaves, depression of veins on the adaxial surface, root tumours at bases of lateral roots.
• Catharanthus roseus - no symptoms described (Hillman et al., 1991).

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Agalliopsis novella, Agallia constricta, A. quadripunctata; Cicadellidae. Not transmitted by Aceratagallia sanguinolenta. Transmitted in a persistent manner. Virus retained when the vector moults; multiplies in the vector; transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector (2% of vector eggs); not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seed.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the North American region.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show tumours.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Rumex acetosa - tumours at bases of lateral roots.
• Melilotus officinalis.
• Trifolium incarnatum - irregular vein enlargement on abaxial surface of leaf, depression of veins on adaxial surface.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Melilotus officinalis, Trifolium incarnatum.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Trifolium incarnatum (W), and quantitative assays using vector cell monolayers.

Susceptible host species

• Capsella bursa-pastoris
• Catharanthus roseus
• Dianthus barbatus
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Melilotus officinalis (clone C10)
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Rumex acetosa
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Torenia fournieri
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Trifolium pratense

Insusceptible host species

• Melilotus albus

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/1)
• Cruciferae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (3/4)
• Polygonaceae (1/1)
• Scrophulariaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (3/3)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/4)

Sources of host-range data

Black (1945), and L.M. Black (pers. comm.).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 60 °C. LIV: 1 year at 0ºC. DEP: log₁₀ minus 6.

Purification method

Reddy and Black (1973).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; 73 nm in diameter (but when the outer amorphous layer is removed a shell of distinct capsomeres, 59-63 nm in diameter, is revealed, and within that a core without spikes c.50 nm in diameter); angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement (unless the outer shell is removed).

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 510 S (Kalmakoff et al., 1969). Density 1.39 g cm^-3 in CsCl.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 22 % nucleic acid; 78 % protein.

Genome consists of RNA; double-stranded. Total genome size 25.277 kb (pairs). Genome of 12 parts (named S1-10); largest (or only) genome part the largest 4.131 kb (pairs); the 2nd largest 3.532 kb (pairs); the 3rd largest 3.205 kb (pairs); the 4th largest 2.565 kb (pairs); the 5th largest 2.613 kb (pairs); the 6th largest and other parts 1.726 kb (pairs; also 1.700, 1.472, 1.182, 1.192, 1.128 and 0.851 kb pairs). Base composition of ds genome 39 % (G + C). Infectivity decreased when deproteinised with proteases (after removal of 2 virion proteins with trypsin or chymotrypsin); lost when deproteinised with phenol or detergent.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• J03020 Em(40)_vi:WTVDI Gb(84)_vi:WTVDI Wound tumor virus genome segment S5 encoding polypeptide P5, complete cds. 7/89 2,613bp.
• J04344 Em(40)_vi:WTVP8SP Gb(84)_vi:WTVP8SP Wound tumor virus genomic segment S8 encoding P8 structural polypeptide, complete cds. 4/90 1
• M11133 Em(40)_vi:WTVS12 Gb(84)_vi:WTVS12 Plant wound tumor virus (reovius), segment S12. 7/89 851bp.
• M24114 Em(40)_vi:WTVPNS11 Gb(84)_vi:WTVPNS11A Wound Tumor Virus genomic segment S10 encoding Pns11 nonstructural polypeptide, complete cds.
• M24115 Em(40)_vi:WTVPNS10 Gb(84)_vi:WTVPNS10A Wound Tumor Virus genomic segment S9 encoding Pns10 nonstructural polypeptide, complete cds.
• M24116 Em(40)_vi:WTVPNS7A Gb(84)_vi:WTVPNS7A Wound Tumor Virus genomic segment S6 encoding Pns7 nonstructural polypeptide, complete cds. 7
• M24117 Em(40)_vi:WTVPNS4A Gb(84)_vi:WTVPNS4A Wound Tumor Virus genomic segment S4 encoding Pns4 nonstructural polypeptide, complete cds. 7
• M77019 Em(40)_vi:WTVNJORF1 Gb(84)_vi:WTVNJORF1 Wound tumor virus ORF1 mRNA, complete cds. 10/91 1,726bp.
• M77020 Em(40)_vi:WTVNJORF2 Gb(84)_vi:WTVNJORF2 Wound tumor virus ORF2 mRNA, complete cds. 12/91 1,128bp.
• M77021 Em(40)_vi:WTVNJORF3 Gb(84)_vi:WTVNJORF3 Wound tumor virus ORF3 and ORF4 mRNA, complete cds. 12/91 851bp.
• X14218 Em(40)_vi:WTVS7P6 Gb(84)_vi:WTVS7P6 Wound tumor virus genomic RNA segment S7 encoding structural protein P6. 9/93 1,726bp
• X14219 Em(40)_vi:WTVS11 Gb(84)_vi:WTVS11 Wound tumor virus RNA segment S11 for structural protein P9. 9/93 1,128bp. 12 sequences.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) 7.

Replication

Coat protein mRNA translated in the cytoplasm only. Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape; globular bodies.

Taxonomy and relationships

Phytoreovirus: Reoviridae (the type species)

Comments and References

References

• Bils, R.F. and Hall, C.E. (1962). Virology 17: 123.
• Black, L.M. (1944). Proc. Am. phil. Soc. 88: 132.
• Black, L.M. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 34, 4 pp.
• Black, L.M. (1979). Adv. Virus Res. 25: 191.
• Black, L.M. (1982). In: Molecular Biology of Plant Tumors, p. 69; eds. G. Kahl and J. Schell. Academic Press, New York.
• Black, D.R. and Knight, C.A. (1970). J. Virol. 6: 194.
• Brakke, M.K., Vatter, A.E. and Black, L.M. (1954). N.Y. Symp. in Biol. 6: 137.
• Gomatos, P.J. and Tamm, I. (1963). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 50: 878.
• Hillman, B.I., Anzola, J.V., Halpern, B.T., Cavileer, T.D. and Nuss, D.L. (1991). Virology 185: 896.
• Kalmakoff, J., Lewandowski, L.J. and Black, D.R. (1969). J. Virol. 4: 851.
• Kleinschmidt, A.K., Dunnebacke, T.H., Spendlove, R.S., Schaffer, F.L. and Whitcomb, R.F. (1964). J. mol. Biol. 10: 282.
• Maramorosch, K., Shikata, E., Hirumi, H. and Granados, R.R. (1968). Nat. Can. Inst. Monog. 31: 493.
• Nuss, D.L. (1984). Adv. Virus Res. 29: 57.
• Nuss, D.L. and Peterson, A.J. (1980). J. Virol. 34: 532.
• Reddy, D.V.R. and Black, L.M. (1973). Virology 54: 150.
• Tomita, K.I. and Rich, A. (1964). Nature, Lond. 201: 1160.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.