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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Citrus tristeza closterovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by C. Büchen-Osmond, 1986; D.J. Gumpf, 1987, U.S.A. Revised by R.F. Lee, 1989.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

citrus quick decline virus (Fawcett and Wallace, 1946), grapevine A virus, hassaku dwarf virus, lime dieback closterovirus.

Acronym

CTV

Strains

seedling yellows virus (Fraser, 1952), grapefruit stem pitting virus (Oberholzer et al., 1946), grapefruit stunt bush virus (Anon, 1950), lime die-back virus (Hughes and Lister, 1949), Ellendale mandarin decline virus (Stubbs, 1952).

ICTV decimal code

17.0.1.T.1.01

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Citrus spp. grafted onto Citrus aurantifolia (sour orange) root stock - quick decline, pitted stems.
• C. paradisi (grapefruit) - stunt.
• C. aurantifolia (lime) - die-back.
• C. aurantifolia (Seville orange) - seedling yellows.
• C. reticulata (mandarin) - decline.
• Aeglopsis chevalieri, Afraegle paniculata, Pamburus missionis, Passiflora gracilis.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Toxoptera citricidus (Meneghini, 1946; Costa and Grant, 1951), Aphis gossypii, A. spiraecola and Toxoptera aurantii (Dickson et al., 1951; Norman and Grant, 1956); Aphididae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by seed.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Costa and Muller (1980).

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide (whereever citrus is grown). Spreads in the African region, the Eastern Asian region, the Eurasian region, the Mediterranean region, the North American region, and the Pacific region; Algeria, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Gabon, Ghana, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the Philippines, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, the USA, Uganda, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zaire, Zambia, Western Samoa, the former Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Citrus aurantifolia cvs West Indian lime, Key lime, Mexican lime, Galego lime, Kagzi lime - chlorotic vein flecks, leaves cupped or canoe-shaped; stem pitting (Wallace and Drake, 1951).
• C. sinensis on rootstock C. aurantifolia - sudden wilt, decline and death, overgrowth on bud union and `honeycombing' just below union.
• C. sinensis, C. paradisi - stem pitting.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Citrus aurantifolia, C. excelsa, C. sinensis.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Citrus aurantifolia (W).

Susceptible host species

• Aeglopsis chevalieri
• Afraegle paniculata
• Citrus aurantifolia
• Citrus aurantium
• Citrus excelsa
• Citrus limon
• Citrus medica
• Citrus paradisi
• Citrus reticulata
• Citrus sinensis
• Pamburus missionis
• Passiflora gracilis

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Passifloraceae (1/1)
• Rutaceae (11/11)

Sources of host-range data

Wallace and Drake (1951); Knorr (1956); Müller et al. (1974).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Bar-Joseph et al. (1970).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 2000 nm; 12 nm wide.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 140 S (»10). Density 1.257 g/ml.

Biochemical properties

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded. Total genome size 17-20 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 17-20 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Bar-Joseph et al. (1985).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• L12175 Em(40)_vi:CTVCOATB Gb(84)_vi:CTVCOATB Citrus tristeza virus coat protein mRNA, complete cds. 12/93 672bp.
• M76485 Em(40)_vi:CTVCOAT Gb(84)_vi:CTVCOAT Citrus tristeza virus coat protein gene, complete cds. 7/92 1,080bp.
• S67800 Em(40)_vi:S67800 Gb(84)_vi:S67800 coat protein citrus tristeza virus CTV, ssp VT, Ach-T isolate, Genomic RNA, 672 nt. 4/94 67
• U02547 Em(40)_vi:CT02547 Gb(84)_vi:CTU02547 Citrus tristeza virus Hsp70 homolog mRNA, partial sequence. 5/94 7,292bp.
• X75433 Em(40)_vi:GVMPCP Gb(84)_vi:GVMPCP Grapevine virus A genomic RNA, MP and CP genes. 5/94 1,883bp.
• U16304 Em(43)_vi:Ct16304 Gb(89)_vi:Ctu16304 Citrus tristeza virus complete genome. 5/95 19,296bp.
• U17265 Em(43)_vi:Ct17265 Gb(89)_vi:Ctu17265 Citrus tristeza virus p18, p13, p20, and p23.5 genes, complete cds, and coat protein gene, pa
• U20531 Em(43)_vi:Ct20531 Gb(89)_vi:Ctu20531 Citrus tristeza virus defective RNA D-CTV-RNA. 4/95 2,424bp.

Features of proteins

Method of preparation: Lee et al. (1988). Amino acid composition: Lee et al. (1988).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in phloem; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the cytoplasm; they contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Closterovirus

Comments and References

References

• Anon (1950). Agric. Gaz. N.S.W. 61: 365.
• Bar-Joseph, M., Loebenstein, G. and Cohen, J. (1970). Phytopathology 60: 75.
• Bar-Joseph, M., Gumpf, D.J., Dodds, J.A., Rosner, A. and Ginsberg, I. (1985). Phytopathology 75: 195.
• Bar-Joseph, M. and Lee, R.F. (1989). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 353, 7 pp.
• Brlansky, R.H., Garnsey, S.M., Lee, R.F. and Purcifull, D.E. (1984). Proc. 9th Conf. Int. Org. Citrus Virol., p. 337. Univ. California, Riverside.
• Brlansky, R.H., Lee, R.F. and Garnsey, S.M. (1988). Plant Dis. 72: 1039.
• Costa, A.S. and Grant, T.J. (1951). Phytopathology 41: 105.
• Costa, A.S. and Müller, G.W. (1980). Plant Dis. 64: 538.
• Dickson, C.R., Flock, R.A. and Johnson, M.M. (1951). Calif. Citrogr. 36: 135.
• Fawcett, H.S. and Wallace, J.M. (1946). Calif. Citrogr. 32: 50.
• Fraser, L.R. (1952). Agric. Gaz. N.S.W. 63: 125.
• Grant, T.J. and Higgins, R.P. (1957). Phytopathology 47: 272.
• Hughes, W.A. and Lister, C.A. (1949). Nature, Lond. 164: 880.
• Knorr, L.C. (1956). Phytopathology 46: 557.
• Lee, R.F., Garnsey, S.M., Brlansky, R.H. and Goheen, A.C. (1987). Phytopathology 77: 543.
• Lee, R.F., Calvert, L.A., Nagel, J. and Hubbard, J.D. (1988). Phytopathology 78: 1221.
• Meneghini, M. (1946). Biologico 12: 285.
• Müller, G.W., Costa, A.S., Kitajima, E.W. and Camargo, I.J.B. (1974). Proc. 6th Conf. Int. Org. Citrus Virol., p. 75. Univ. California, Riverside.
• Norman, P.A. and Grant, T.J. (1956). Proc. Fla Stn hort Soc. 69: 38.
• Oberholzer, P.C.F., Mathews, I. and Stiemie, S.F. (1949). Sci. Bull. Dep. Agric. S. Afr., 287.
• Price, W.C. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 33, 3 pp.
• Stubbs, L.L. (1952). J. Dep. Agric. Vic. 50: 124.
• Wallace, J.M. and Drake, R.J. (1951). Calif. Citrogr. 36: 136.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.