Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Cherry rasp leaf nepovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by A.J. Hansen, 1986.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

flat apple virus.

Acronym

CRLV

ICTV decimal code

18.0.3.T.003

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Prunus avium, P. mahaleb - affected cherry branches are very frost sensitive (Bodine et al., 1951; Hansen et al., 1974; Wagnon et al., 1968) enations, stunting.
• Prunus persica - enations, stunting, decline.
• Malus sylvestris - enations, flat fruit.
• Balsamorhiza sagittata, Taraxacum officinale, Plantago major - symptomless.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; a nematode; Xiphinema americana (Nyland et al., 1969; Hansen et al., 1974); Dorylamidae. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by seed (10-20%).

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Luepschen et al. (1974); Wagnon et al. (1968); Parish and Cheney (1974).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the North American region and the Pacific region; Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, and the USA. Found, but with no evidence of spread, in the U.K. (Jones et al., 1985), China, Australia and New Zealand and possibly South Africa. Prunus avium raspleaf symptoms have been found in many countries associated with one or another of seven viruses (Hansen et al., 1974).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show necrotic or chlorotic local lesions, systemic mottle.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Cucumis sativus - chlorotic local lesions; systemic mottle.
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba - necrotic local lesions; not systemic.
• Chenopodium quinoa - mottle and vein clearing.
• Chenopodium amaranticolor - systemic mottle.
• Vigna unguiculata, Physalis floridana, Sesbania exaltata - local lesions but unreliable.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Chenopodium quinoa, Cucumis sativus.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Cucumis sativus (L), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L).

Susceptible host species

• Balsamorhiza sagittata
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis sativus
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Malus sylvestris
• Physalis floridana
• Plantago major
• Prunus avium
• Prunus mahaleb
• Prunus persica
• Sesbania exaltata
• Taraxacum officinale
• Vigna unguiculata

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (2/2)
• Compositae (2/2)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (3/3)
• Plantaginaceae (1/1)
• Rosaceae (4/4)
• Solanaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Hansen et al. (1974).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 58 °C. LIV: 7 days (at 4ºC). DEP: log₁₀ minus 4 (Stace-Smith and Hansen, 1976).

Purification method

Stace-Smith and Hansen (1976).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 30 nm in diameter; angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

Three sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 128 S (B); of the other(s) 96 S (M), or 56 S (T).

Biochemical properties

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded. Total genome size 13.3 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part the larger 6.5 kb; the 2nd largest 4.8 kb.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) two; M_r of the larger 24000. M_r of 2nd largest 22500. Method of preparation: Stace-Smith and Hansen (1976).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in parenchyma and plasmodesmata (Stace-Smith and Hansen, 1976); in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape (tubular structures); they contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Possible Nepovirus: Comoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Tobacco ringspot, tomato ringspot, cherry leaf roll, peach rosette mosaic, raspberry ringspot, tomato black ring and arabis mosaic viruses (Hansen et al., 1974).

Additional comments on relationships

Cherry rasp leaf differs from Eola raspleaf and other cherry diseases that cause leaf enations.

Comments and References

References

• Bodine, E.W. and Newton, N. (1942). Phytopathology 31: 333.
• Bodine, E.W., Blodgett, E.C. and Lott, T.B. (1951). Hdbk. U.S. Dep. Agric. 10: 71.
• Hansen, A.J., Nyland, G., McElroy, F.D. and Stace-Smith, R. (1974). Phytopathology 64: 721.
• Jones, A.T., Mayo, M.A. and Henderson, S.J. (1985). Ann. appl. Biol. 106: 101.
• Luepschen, N.S., Harder, H.H., Rohrback, K.G. and Sisson, M.A. (1974). Pl. Dis. Reptr 58: 26.
• Nyland, G., Lownsbery, B.F., Lowe, S.K. and Mitchell, J.F. (1969). Phytopathology 59: 1111.
• Parish, C.L. and Cheney, P.W. (1974). Proc. Am. phytopath. Soc. 1: 52.
• Stace-Smith, R. and Hansen, A.J. (1976). Acta Hort. 67: 193.
• Stace-Smith, R. and Hansen, A.J. (1976). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 159, 4 pp.
• Wagnon, H.F., Traylor, J., Willams, H.E. and Weiner, A.C. (1968). Pl. Dis. Reptr 52: 618.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.