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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Cherry leaf roll nepovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by A.T. Jones 1986.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

ash mosaic virus (Nienhaus and Hamacher, 1990), sambucus ringspot and yellow net virus.

Acronym

CLRV

Strains

birch ring and line pattern virus (Cooper and Atkinson, 1975); blackberry and red raspberry strains (Cropley and Tomlinson, 1971; Jones and Wood, 1978); berteroa ringspot virus (Lockhart, 1977); elm mosaic strain (Varney and Moore, 1952; Jones and Murant, 1971); dogwood ringspot strain (Waterworth and Lawson, 1973); golden elderberry strain (Hansen (1967); Hansen and Stace-Smith, 1971; Jones and Murant, 1971); red elder ringspot strain (Schmelzer, 1972b); rhubarb strain (Tomlinson and Walkey, 1967); type (cherry) strain (Cropley, 1961); walnut black line virus (Cooper and Edwards, 1980; De Zoeten, 1982; Mircetich et al., 1980; Rowhani et al., 1985), walnut line pattern and mosaic virus (Christoff, 1958), walnut yellow mosaic virus, walnut ringspot and walnut yellow vein strains (Savino et al., 1977).

ICTV decimal code

18.0.3.0.009

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist and vary seasonally.
• Juglans regia - leaf pattern and black line.
• Ulmus americana - chlorotic mosaic, ring pattern and dieback.
• Prunus avium - leaf rolling and death.
• Betula spp., Sambucus spp., Rubus spp., Cornus florida - chlorotic ringspot, leaf patterns and/or yellow vein netting.
• Ptelea trifoliata - yellow spotting.
• Olea europaea, Rheum rhaponticum, Berteroa incana, Delphinium elatum, Rumex obtusifolius - symptomless.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; Xiphinema coxi, X. diversicaudatum and X. vuittenezi (cherry isolates - Fritzsche and Kegler (1964); Flegg (1969), but not the golden elderberry and rhubarb isolates). Not transmitted by X. americanum, X. bakeri, Longidorus elongatus, L. leptocephalus, L. macrosoma or Paralongidorus maximus (Van Hoof, 1971; Jones et al., 1981). The elm mosaic strain is not transmitted by X. americanum (Fulton and Fulton, 1970) or by the aphid Myzus persicae (Ford et al., 1972). Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the Eurasian region and the North American region; Australia, China, New Zealand, Turkey, and the former USSR.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show chlorotic or necrotic local lesions, systemic necrosis or mosaic.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa - chlorotic or necrotic local lesions; systemic mottle, necrosis and malformation.
• Cucumis sativus - chlorotic local lesions, occasional systemic mosaic.
• Nicotiana rustica, N. tabacum cvs White Burley, Xanthi-nc - necrotic local lesions and rings; systemic necrotic or chlorotic rings.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Nicotiana rustica, N. tabacum cvs White Burley, Xanthi-nc for maintaining virus cultures; Nicotiana clevelandii and Chenopodium quinoa for propagation and purification of virions.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Nicotiana rustica, N. tabacum cvs White Burley, Xanthi-nc (L), Chenopodium amaranticolor (L).

Susceptible host species

• Antirrhinum majus
• Apium graveolens
• Atriplex hortensis
• Berteroa incana
• Beta macrocarpa
• Beta vulgaris
• Betula
• Capsicum frutescens
• Catharanthus roseus
• Celosia argentea
• Celosia cristata
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium foetidum
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Commelina
• Cornus florida
• Cucumis melo
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita maxima
• Cucurbita pepo
• Delphinium elatum
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Helianthus annuus
• Juglans regia
• Lathyrus odoratus
• Lavatera trimestris
• Lobelia erinus
• Momordica balsamina
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana occidentalis
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Ocimum basilicum
• Olea europaea
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Phlox drummondii
• Physalis floridana
• Physalis peruviana
• Pisum sativum
• Prunus avium
• Prunus cerasifera
• Prunus persica
• Ptelea trifoliata
• Raphanus sativus
• Rheum rhaponticum
• Rubus idaeus
• Rumex obtusifolius
• Sambucus racemosa
• Senecio vulgaris
• Sesamum indicum
• Spinacia oleracea
• Stellaria media
• Tinantia erecta
• Torenia fournieri
• Tropaeolum majus
• Ulmus americana
• Zinnia elegans

Insusceptible host species

• Amaranthus caudatus
• Arachis hypogaea
• Cassia tora
• Catharanthus roseus
• Citrullus lanatus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Datura metel
• Datura stramonium
• Dianthus barbatus
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Saponaria vaccaria
• Solanum rostratum
• Vigna unguiculata

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (3/4)
• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Betulaceae (1/1)
• Campanulaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/3)
• Chenopodiaceae (8/8)
• Commelinaceae (2/2)
• Compositae (3/3)
• Cornaceae (1/1)
• Cruciferae (2 /2)
• Cucurbitaceae (5/6)
• Juglandaceae (1/1)
• Labiatae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (4/6)
• Malvaceae (1/1)
• Oleaceae (1/1)
• Pedaliaceae (1/1)
• Polemoniaceae (1/1)
• Polygonaceae (2 /2)
• Ranunculaceae (1/1)
• Rosaceae (4/4)
• Rutaceae (1/1)
• Sambucaceae (1/1)
• Scrophulariaceae (2/2)
• Solanaceae (11/15)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/1)
• Ulmaceae (1 /1)
• Umbelliferae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/4)
• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (2/3)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/6)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (2/6)
• Solanaceae (4/15)

Comments on host-range

All isolates have a wide experimental host range in more than 36 plant families.

Sources of host-range data

Schmelzer (1966); Hansen and Stace-Smith (1971); Horváth (1979); Tomlinson and Walkey (1967); Lockhart (1977); Ahmed and Bailiss (1975); Walkey and Cooper (1973).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 50-60 °C. LIV: 4-16 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 3-5. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Jones (1973); Cooper and Atkinson (1975), Walkey et al. (1973).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 28 nm in diameter; angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

Three sedimenting components in purified preparations (Jones, 1973; Haber and Hamilton, 1980); sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 128 S (B); of the other(s) 115 S (M), or 52 S (T). Density 1.5 g cm^-3 in CsCl (B), or 1.47 g cm^-3 in CsCl (M).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 46 % nucleic acid (B), or 41 % nucleic acid (M), or 0 % nucleic acid (T); 54 % protein (B), or 59 % protein (M), or 100 % protein (T).

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 16.5 kb. Genome of two parts (both required for infectivity; Jones and Mayo, 1972; Jones and Duncan, 1980; Haber and Hamilton, 1980); largest (or only) genome part the larger 9 kb (RNA-1); the 2nd largest 7.5 kb (RNA-2). Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Jones and Mayo (1972); Walkey et al. (1973); Murant et al. (1981). Base composition RNA-1 and RNA-2, 26.5 and 26.6 % G; 21.4 and 22 % A; 22.3 and 22.8 % C; 29.1 and 29.2 % U. Infectivity retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region present (in both RNA species; Massalski, 1984). Additional factor required for infectivity; a genome-linked protein of estimated M.Wt 3500 (C.U.T. Hellen and J.I. Cooper, personal communication), although not yet known if required for infectivity.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• S63537 Em(40)_vi:S63537 Gb(84)_vi:S63537 polyprotein (RNA-2) cherry leaf roll nepovirus CLRV, birch isolate I2, Genomic RNA, 1920 nt
• S84124 Em(40)_vi:S84124 Gb(84)_vi:S84124 (3´ terminal region, RNA-1) cherry leaf roll nepovirus, Genomic RNA, 1743 nt. 1/94 1,743bp.
• S84125 Em(40)_vi:S84125 Gb(84)_vi:S84125 (3´ terminal region, RNA-2) cherry leaf roll nepovirus, Genomic RNA, 1805 nt. 1/94 1,805bp.
• S84126 Em(40)_vi:S84126 Gb(84)_vi:S84126 (3´ terminal region, R25) cherry leaf roll nepovirus, Genomic RNA, 1182 nt. 1/94 1,182bp.
• U24694 Em(43)_vi:Cl24694 Gb(89)_vi:Clu24694 Cherry leaf roll virus RNA2, 3´ end. 5/95 1,565bp.
• Z34265 Em(43)_vi:Clrvrn Cherry leaf roll virus (walnut) genomic RNA (1588bp). 11/94 1,588bp.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 54000. Method of preparation: Jones and Mayo (1972); Walkey et al. (1973); Murant et al. (1981). Amino acid composition: Walkey et al. (1973) (five strains).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, roots, meristem and within tubules in pollen, ovules and mature seeds (Walkey and Webb, 1968; 1970; Jones et al., 1973); in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are membranous bodies (connected with endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes; Jones et al., 1973); they contain virions. Other cellular changes: projections from cell walls (Jones et al., 1973; Cooper and Atkinson, 1975). Birch leaves showing symptoms often contain chloroplasts with large densely stained plastoglobuli and poorly defined lamellae (Cooper and Atkinson, 1975).

Taxonomy and relationships

Nepovirus: Comoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Grapevine Bulgarian latent, lucerne Australian latent, peach rosette mosaic (Jones and Duncan, 1980), arabis mosaic, grapevine fanleaf, raspberry ringspot, strawberry latent ringspot, tobacco ringspot, tomato black ring, tomato ringspot and tomato top necrosis viruses (Cropley, 1961; Hansen and Stace-Smith, 1971; Jones and Murant, 1971).

Differences between type strain and others

Gomphrena globosa is only susceptible to some strains. Virions of elm and dogwood strains are less stable than most others (Jones, 1976). Most strains only produce M and B components, and the ratios of the components differ between strains.

Additional comments on relationships

Varney and Moore (1952) found that plants infected with tomato ringspot virus resisted infection with the elm mosaic strain. Jones (1976) confirmed this using eight strains of cherry leaf roll virus in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc but found none of these protected plants against infection by tomato ringspot virus.

Comments and References

References

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• Callahan, K.L. (1957a). Diss. Abstr. 17: 1861.
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• Christoff, A. (1958). Phytopath. Z. 31: 381.
• Cooper, J.I. (1976). Mitt. biol. BundesAnst. Land. Forstw. 170: 17.
• Cooper, J.I. and Atkinson, J.A. (1975). Forestry 48: 193.
• Cooper, J.I. and Edwards, M.L. (1975). Forestry 53: 41.
• Cooper, J.I. and Edwards, M.L. (1980). Forestry 53: 41.
• Cooper, J.I., Massalski, P.R. and Edwards, M.L. (1984). Ann. appl. Biol. 105: 55.
• Cropley, R. (1961). Ann. appl. Biol. 49: 524.
• Cropley, R. and Tomlinson, J.A. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 80, 4 pp.
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• Flegg, J.J.M. (1969). Rep. E. Malling Res. Stn. 1968, p. 155.
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Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.