Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Cereal flame chlorosis (?) virus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by S. Haber, 1991.

Nomenclature

Strains

flame chlorosis virus (FCV) is associated with distinct dsRNA patterns in barley, bread and durum wheat and oat. There may be barley, wheat and oat strains of FCV.

ICTV decimal code

79.0.P.DE.14

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist. Symptoms flame-like chlorosis, stunting, prostrate growth.
• Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, T. durum - defined chlorosis radiating in a flame-like pattern from the leaf base. Plants stunted and prostrate.

Transmission

Transmitted in soil; probably by fungi. Not transmitted by Polymyxa graminis. Virus not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by the disease is found often in fields frequently sown with spring cereals, particularly barley.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Canada (Manitoba).

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show variegated yellow-whitish chlorosis.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum - variegated yellow-whitish to pale-green chlorosis.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Hordeum vulgare is the best, but may also use Triticum aestivum and Avena sativa.

Susceptible host species

• Avena sativa
• Hordeum vulgare
• Triticum aestivum
• Triticum durum

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Gramineae (4/4)

Sources of host-range data

Haber and Barr (1990).

Physical and biochemical properties

Biochemical properties

Genome consists of RNA; double-stranded; linear; of 7 parts to of 15 parts (depending on isolate and variant); largest (or only) genome part the largest 3.5 kb (pairs); the 6th largest and other parts 0.25 kb (pairs; but varies in different isolates). Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Haber and Barr (1990); Haber et al. (1990). Base composition of ds genome 56.8 % (G + C).

Features of the genome

Features of the genome: from sequencing of cDNA clones at least 1 ORF has been found; it encodes a putative 108 amino-acid histone-like polypeptide. Known sequence is in EMBL Data Library (Ref. DS7101) X59248 HORDEUM, FLAME CHLOROSIS DNA; putative 108 amino-acid basic polypeptide has possible (distant) similarity with tymovirus nucleotide-binding fold.

Cytopathology

Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape; they do not contain virions. Other cellular changes: malformation and vesiculation of peripheries of chloroplasts, mitochondria and leukoplasts (Haber et al., 1990).

Taxonomy and relationships

(ungrouped)

Additional comments on relationships

Effects on chloroplasts resemble those caused by tombusviruses and the vesicular inclusions resemble those of tymoviruses. The pattern of numerous dsRNAs resembles those of some mycoviruses.

Comments and References

General comments

CFCV may have arisen or spread recently as it was not seen before 1985. This corresponds with increasing frequency of barley cultivation. Since 1985 it has been found at greater distances from the site where it was orginally found; it is expected that it will soon be found in border areas of North Dakota and Minnesota.

References

• Haber, S. (1990). Can. Pl. Dis. Surv. 70: 50.
• Haber, S. (1991). Can. Pl. Dis. Surv. 7: in press.
• Haber, S. and Barr, D.J. (1990). In: German Phytomedical Series Vol. 1. Proc. First Symp. of Int. Working Group on Plant Viruses with Fungal Vectors, ed. R. Koenig, p. 169.
• Haber, S. and Platford, R.G. (1991). Can. Pl. Dis. Surv. 71: 79.
• Haber, S., Kim, W., Gillespie, R. and Tekauz, A. (1990). J. Phytopath. 129: 245.
• Haber, S., Barr, D.J.S. and Platford, R.G. (1991). Can. J. Pl. Pathol. 13: in press.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.