Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Carrot yellow leaf (?) closterovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by P. van Dijk and L. Bos, 1991.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

hogweed 6 virus, heracleum 6 capillovirus.

Acronym

CYLV

ICTV decimal code

17.0.1.0.006

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms yellowing in cultivated Daucus carota and no visible symptoms in wild umbelliferae.
• Daucus carota - yellowing and reddening.
• Heracleum sphondylium, Anthriscus sylvestris - symptomless.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Cavariella aegopodii, C. pastinacae, C. theobaldi; Aphididae. Transmitted in a semi-persistent manner. Virus can help the vector transmission of another virus (heracleum latent (?) closterovirus); transmitted by mechanical inoculation.

Geographical distribution

Found, but with no evidence of spread, in Japan, the Netherlands and the U.K.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show yellowing and necrosis.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Anthriscus cerefolium, Coriandrum sativum, Pimpinella anisum - vein necrosis, severe leaf rolling and yellowing, leading to plant death.
• Nicotiana benthamiana - necrotic local lesions and systemic lethal necrosis and yellowing.
• N. clevelandii - necrotic local lesions without systemic symptoms.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Nicotiana glutinosa, N. occidentalis, Phaseolus vulgaris.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Anthriscus cerefolium (W), Coriandrum sativum (W), Nicotiana benthamiana (W).

Susceptible host species

• Anthriscus cerefolium
• Anthriscus sylvestris
• Coriandrum sativum
• Daucus carota
• Daucus carota ssp. sativus
• Heracleum sphondylium
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Pimpinella anisum

Insusceptible host species

• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium capitatum
• Chenopodium foetidum
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis sativus
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana occidentalis
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Pisum sativum
• Vicia faba

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Solanaceae (2/5)
• Umbelliferae (7/7)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (5/5)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (3/3)
• Solanaceae (3/5)

Sources of host-range data

Van Dijk and Bos (1989).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

Leaf sap contains few virions. Electron microscopy: virions visible without fixation and staining by PTA.

Purification method

Murant et al. (1984).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 1650 nm (»45 nm); 12 nm wide. Basic helix obvious; pitch of basic helix 3.7 nm.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus. Acts as helper for another virus; a helper for heracleum latent virus. Acts as a helper by possibly phenotypic mixing.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves and phloem; in cytoplasm and in nuclei. Other cellular changes: characteristic vesicles and morphological changes of mitochondria in phloem cells (Yamashita et al., 1976).

Taxonomy and relationships

Possible Closterovirus

Best tests for diagnosis

Transfer by aphid to Anthriscus cerefolium or Coriandrum sativum, and test these on Chenopodium quinoa, which is susceptible to heracleum latent virus but not CYLV, and Nicotiana benthamiana, which is susceptible to CYLV not heracleum latent virus. CYLV has flexuous virions, anthriscus yellows virus has isometric ones.

Comments and References

References

• Bem, F. and Murant, A.F. (1979). Ann. appl. Biol. 92: 237.
• Van Dijk, P. and Bos, L. (1985). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 91: 169.
• Van Dijk, P. and Bos, L. (1989). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 95(2): 34.
• Murant, A.F. (1981). Ann. Rep. Scottish Hort. Res. Inst. 1980, p. 102.
• Murant, A.F. (1983). Ann. Rep. Scottish. Crop Res. Inst. 1982, p. 191.
• Murant, A.F., Duncan, G.H. and Raschké, J.H. (1984). Ann. Rep. Scottish Crop Res. Inst. 1983, p. 188.
• Yamashita, S., Ohki, S.T., Doi, Y. and Yora, K. (1976). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 42: 382.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.