Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Carrot red leaf luteovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by P.M. Waterhouse, 1986.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

carrot motley dwarf virus (Stubbs, 1948; 1952).

Acronym

CaRLV (CRLV, CtRLV)

ICTV decimal code

39.0.1.0.009

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist and vary seasonally.
• Daucus carota, Anethum graveolens - chlorosis or reddening of older leaves, but mostly symptomless.
• Anthriscus sylvestris - reddening of leaf margins.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Cavariella aegopodii; Aphididae. Transmitted in a persistent manner. Virus retained when the vector moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; can help the vector transmission of another virus (carrot mottle umbravirus); not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, the UK, and the USA.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show yellowing, reddening.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Anthriscus cerefolium, Apium leptophyllum, Coriandrum sativum - yellowing and reddening of older leaves.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Apium graveolens, Petroselinum crispum.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Anthriscus cerefolium.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Anthriscus cerefolium (W); Apium leptophyllum (W); Coriandrum sativum (W).

Susceptible host species

• Anethum graveolens
• Anthriscus cerefolium
• Anthriscus sylvestris
• Apium leptophyllum
• Coriandrum sativum
• Daucus carota

Insusceptible host species

• Apium graveolens
• Capsella bursa-pastoris
• Chenopodium capitatum
• Chenopodium murale
• Datura stramonium
• Lactuca sativa
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Petroselinum crispum
• Raphanus sativus
• Senecio vulgaris
• Trifolium pratense

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Umbelliferae (6/8)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (2/2)
• Compositae (2/2)
• Cruciferae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (2/2)
• Umbelliferae (2/8)

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Waterhouse and Murant (1981).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 25 nm in diameter; rounded in profile, or angular in profile.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 104 S. Density 1.403 g cm^-3 in CsCl.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 28 % nucleic acid; 72 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 5.75 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 5.75 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Murant et al. (1985).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) four; M_r of the largest 60000; component 1. M_r of 2nd largest 50000; minor component 2. M_r of 3rd largest 40000; minor component 3. M_r of 4th largest 25000; coat protein (major component). Method of preparation: Murant et al. (1985).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in phloem and companion cells; in cytoplasm and in cell vacuoles. Inclusions present in infected cells; are amorphous X-bodies and membranous bodies; they contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Luteovirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Barley yellow dwarf-RPV and beet western yellows viruses moderately closely; tobacco necrotic dwarf, potato leafroll and bean leaf roll viruses distantly; and soybean dwarf, barley yellow dwarf-MAV viruses very distantly.

Best tests for diagnosis

This virus is the only luteovirus known to infect Apiaceae and has a very narrow host range. It is usually found in a complex with CMotV, which unlike CRLV is sap transmitted.

Comments and References

General comments

Carrot motley dwarf virus (Stubbs, 1948; 1952) is a complex of carrot red leaf and carrot mottle viruses.

References

• Murant, A.F. (1974). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 137, 4 pp.
• Murant, A.F. and Roberts, I.M. (1979). Ann. appl. Biol. 92: 343.
• Murant, A.F., Waterhouse, P.M., Raschke, J.H. and Robinson, D.J. (1985). J. gen. Virol. 66: 1575.
• Stubbs, L.L. (1948). Aust. J. sci. Res. 1: 303.
• Stubbs, L.L. (1952). Aust. J. Sci. Res. 5: 399.
• Stubbs, L.L., Smith, P.R. and O'Loughlin, G.T. (1983). Abstr. 4th Int. Congr. Pl. Path. Melbourne, Australia, 1983, p. 123.
• Waterhouse, P.M. (1981). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Dundee, U.K., pp. 244.
• Waterhouse, P.M. and Murant, A.F. (1982). Ann. appl. Biol. 97: 191.
• Waterhouse, P.M. (1985). Australas. Pl. Path. 14: 32.
• Waterhouse, P.M. and Murant, A.F. (1982). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 249, 4 pp.
• Watson, M.A., Serjeant, E.P. and Lennon, E.A. (1964). Ann. appl. Biol. 54: 153.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.