Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Carnation ringspot dianthovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by J.H. Tremaine and J.R. Moran, 1985.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

Anjermozaick virus.

Acronym

CRSV

Strains

N, A and R.

ICTV decimal code

23.0.1.0.001

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Dianthus caryophyllus, D. barbatus - leaf mottling and ringspotting, plant stunting and distortion, flower distortion.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; a nematode (Fritsche et al. (1979), Trudgill et al. (1983)); Longidorus elongatus, L. macrosoma and Xiphinema diversicaudatum; reported, but questioned. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed.

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide (wherever carnations are grown). Spreads in the Central Asian region, the Eurasian region, and the North American region; India. Found, but with no evidence of spread, in Australia.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show chlorotic and necrotic local lesions rings and flecks, sometimes systemic.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Dianthus barbatus, Gomphrena globosa, Phaseolus vulgaris - local and systemic chlorotic and necrotic lesions rings and flecks.
• Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Tetragonia tetragonioides - necrotic lesions, usually not systemic.
• Vigna unguiculata - necrotic local lesions, systemic mottling, necrotic flecking and distortion.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Dianthus barbatus, Nicotiana clevelandii, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L); C. quinoa (L); Vigna unguiculata (L).

Susceptible host species

• Alonsoa warscewiczii
• Amaranthus caudatus
• Antirrhinum majus
• Callistephus chinensis
• Capsicum frutescens
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cichorium endiva
• Convolvulus tricolor
• Crotalaria spectabilis
• Cucumis sativus
• Datura stramonium
• Dianthus barbatus
• Dianthus caryophyllus
• Emilia sagittata
• Fagopyrum esculentum
• Fumaria officinalis
• Gomphrena globosa
• Gypsophila paniculata
• Hyoscyamus niger
• Lactuca sativa
• Lamium maculatum
• Lathyrus odoratus
• Lobelia erinus
• Lythrum salicaria
• Myosotis sylvatica
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Phlox drummondii
• Physalis floridana
• Phytolacca americana
• Portulaca oleracea
• Saintpaulia ionantha
• Salpiglossis sinuata
• Spinacia oleracea
• Stellaria media
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Torenia fournieri
• Verbena hybrida
• Vicia faba
• Vigna unguiculata
• Zinnia elegans

Insusceptible host species

• Ageratum conyzoides
• Anthriscus sylvestris
• Apium graveolens
• Atriplex hortensis
• Begonia semperflorens
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis
• Brassica oleracea var. capitata
• Catharanthus roseus
• Ceratostigma plumbaginoides
• Cheiranthus cheiri
• Chrysanthemum morifolium
• Citrus limon
• Geranium pratense
• Geum chiloense
• Glycine max
• Hypericum perforatum
• Lavatera trimestris
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Matthiola incana
• Melilotus albus
• Mimulus luteus
• Mycelis muralis
• Passiflora caerulea
• Pelargonium × hortorum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Pisum sativum
• Plantago lanceolata
• Primula malacoides
• Ranunculus repens
• Reseda odorata
• Rheum rhaponticum
• Senecio vulgaris
• Solanum tuberosum
• Taraxacum officinale
• Tradescantia zebrina
• Trifolium repens
• Tropaeolum majus
• Zea mays

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (2/2)
• Boraginaceae (1/1)
• Campanulaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (4/4)
• Chenopodiaceae (3/4)
• Compositae (5/10)
• Convolvulaceae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)
• Fumariaceae (1/1)
• Gesneriaceae (1 /1)
• Labiatae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (5/9)
• Lythraceae (1/1)
• Phytolaccaceae (1/1)
• Polemoniaceae (1/1)
• Polygonaceae (1/2)
• Portulacaceae (1/1)
• Scrophulariaceae (3/4)
• Solanaceae (11 /14)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)
• Verbenaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Begoniaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (1/4)
• Commelinaceae (1/1)
• Compositae (5/10)
• Cruciferae (4/4)
• Geraniaceae (2/2)
• Gramineae (1/1)
• Guttiferae (1 /1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (4/9)
• Malvaceae (1/1)
• Passifloraceae (1/1)
• Plantaginaceae (1/1)
• Plumbaginaceae (1/1)
• Polygonaceae (1/2)
• Primulaceae (1/1)
• Ranunculaceae (1/1)
• Resedaceae (1 /1)
• Rosaceae (1/1)
• Rutaceae (1/1)
• Scrophulariaceae (1/4)
• Solanaceae (3/14)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/1)
• Umbelliferae (2/2)

Sources of host-range data

Tremaine and Dodds (1985).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 80 °C. LIV: 50-60 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 5. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains few virions. Electron microscopy: virions best stained with UA, pH 5.0.

Purification method

Tremaine et al. (1976); Kalmakoff and Tremaine (1967).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 34 nm in diameter; rounded in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations (but there are probably two classes of virions, one containing RNA-1, the other probably three copies of RNA-2); sedimentation coefficient 135 S. Density 1.366 g cm^-3 in CsCl (when unfixed at pH 5; virions swell at pH 7, but stabilized by divalent cations). Isoelectric point pH 4.5.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 20.5 % nucleic acid; 79.5 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 5.34 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part the larger 3.89 kb (RNA-1); the 2nd largest 1.45 kb (RNA-2). Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Dodds et al. (1977). Base composition 26 % G; 27 % A; 23 % C; 24 % U. 5´ terminus of RNA has a methylated nucleotide cap. Infectivity retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region absent.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• L18870 Em(40)_vi:CIRRNA1A Gb(84)_vi:CIRRNA1A Carnation ringspot virus fusion protein polymerase (p88K), p27K, p57K, capsid protein (p37K)
• M88589 Em(40)_vi:CIRCRSV Gb(84)_vi:CIRCRSV Carnation ringspot virus CRSV movement protein mRNA, complete cds. 1/93 1,394bp 2 sequences.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions. Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells (Lommel, 1983).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 37000 (339 amino acid residues); coat protein. Method of preparation: Tremaine and Dodds (1985).

Virus-coded non-virion proteins identified by genomic sequence analysis (Tremaine et al. (1984)); three proteins found. M_r of the largest 100000. M_r of 2nd largest 37000 (coat protein). M_r of 3rd 34000; transport protein.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm and in nuclei. Inclusions absent from infected cells.

Taxonomy and relationships

Dianthovirus (the type species)

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Red clover necrotic mosaic and sweet clover necrotic mosaic viruses, but remotely.

Differences between type strain and others

Tremaine et al. (1976, 1983, 1984) and Tremaine and Ronald (1976) have described strains N, A and R that differ in the physico-chemical properties and composition of their virions.

Comments and References

References

• Chen, M.H., Hiruki, C. and Okuro, T. (1984). Can. J. Pl. Pathol. 6: 191.
• Dodds, J.A., Tremaine, J.H. and Ronald, W.P. (1977). Virology 83: 322.
• Fritsche, R., Kegler, H., Thiele ? and Gruber ?. (1979). Arch. Phytopath. PflSchutz. 15: 177.
• Hiruki, C. (1987). Adv. Virus Res. 33: 257.
• Hiruki, C., Rao, A.L.N., Furuya, Y. and Figueiredo, G. (1984). J. gen. Virol. 65: 2273.
• Hiruki, C., Rao, D.V., Chen, M.H., Okuno, T. and Figueiredo, G. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 482.
• Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1969). Ann. appl. Biol. 56: 73.
• Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1977). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 21, 3 pp.
• Kalmakoff, J. and Tremaine, J.H. (1967). Virology 33: 10.
• Kassanis, B. (1955). Ann. appl. Biol. 43: 103.
• Lommel, S.A. (1983). Ph.D. Thesis, University California, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
• Lommel, S. and Morris, J. (1982). Phytopathology 72: 955.
• Lommel, S., McCain, and Morris, J. (1982). Phytopathology 72: 1018.
• Lommel, S., McCain, Mayhew, D.E. and Morris, J. (1983). Plant Dis. 67: 53.
• Tremaine, J.H. and Dodds, J.A. (1985). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 308, 5 pp.
• Tremaine, J.H. and Ronald, W.P. (1976). J. gen. Virol. 30: 299.
• Tremaine, J.H., Ronald, W.P. and Valcic, A. (1976). Phytopathology 66: 34.
• Tremaine, J.H., Ronald, W.P. and McGauley, E.M. (1983). Phytopathology 73: 1241.
• Tremaine, J.H., Ronald, W.P. and McGauley, E.M. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 161.
• Trudgill, D.L., Brown, D.J.F. and McNamara, D. (1983). Revue Nématol. 6: 133.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.