Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Carnation necrotic fleck closterovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by J.R. Moran and A.A. Brunt, 1987.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

carnation yellow fleck virus (Bar-Joseph et al., 1976), carnation streak virus.

Acronym

CNFV

ICTV decimal code

17.0.1.0.005

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

• Dianthus caryophyllus - mottling, streaking becoming necrotic; grey streaks or red necrotic flecks.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Aphididae. Transmitted in a semi-persistent manner. Virus lost by the vector when it moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; transmitted by mechanical inoculation (with difficulty); not transmitted by contact between plants.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Smookler and Loebenstein (1974); Poupet et al. (1975).

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide (wherever carnations are grown).

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show vein clearing and flecking.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Dianthus chinensis, D. barbatus - vein clearing and flecking after 3-5 weeks.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Chenopodium quinoa.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Dianthus barbatus.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Dianthus barbatus (L).

Susceptible host species

• Dianthus barbatus
• Dianthus caryophyllus
• Dianthus chinensis
• Lychnis chalcedonica
• Montia perfoliata
• Silene armeria

Insusceptible host species

• Beta vulgaris
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium capitatum
• Chenopodium hybridum
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Gomphrena globosa
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Tetragonia tetragonioides

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Caryophyllaceae (5/5)
• Portulacaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (5/5)
• Solanaceae (1/1)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Bar-Joseph et al. (1979).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 40-45 °C. LIV: 2-4 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 4. Leaf sap contains many virions. Electron microscopy: virions fragile and do not stain well in carnation sap.

Purification method

Bar-Joseph and Smookler (1976); Inouye (1976).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with no clear modal length; of 1400-1500 nm; 12 nm wide. Basic helix obvious; pitch of basic helix 3.4 nm.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 122-128 S (80 S for broken virions). Density 1.325 g cm^-3 in CsCl.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5.15 % nucleic acid; 94.85 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded. Total genome size 12.8 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 12.8 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Bar-Joseph and Smookler (1976); Bar-Joseph et al. (1976).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 23500. Method of preparation: Bar-Joseph et al. (1979); Short et al. (1977). Amino acid composition: Bar-Joseph et al. (1979); Short et al. (1977).

Cytopathology

Virions found in epidermis and phloem mainly in the parts of the plant that show symptoms. Inclusions present in infected cells; are membranous bodies; they contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Closterovirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Beet yellows and wheat yellow leaf viruses.

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Citrus tristeza and heracleum latent viruses and all capilloviruses.

Best tests for diagnosis

Virions of CNFV are usually found in large numbers in carnation sap and are easily detected by electron microscopy.

Comments and References

References

• Bar-Joseph, M., Inouye, T. and Sutton, J. (1976). Pl. Dis. Reptr 60: 851.
• Bar-Joseph, M., Garnsey, S.M. and Gonsalves, D. (1979). Adv. Virus Res. 25: 93.
• Bar-Joseph, M., Loebenstein, G. and Cohen, J. (1976). Proc. 7th. Conf. Int. Org. Citrus Virol., p. 39.
• Bar-Joseph, M. and Smookler, M. (1976). Phytopathology 66: 835.
• Inouye, T. (1974). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 136, 3 pp.
• Inouye, T. and Mitsuhata, K. (1973). Ber. Ohara Inst. Landw. Biol. 15: 195.
• Poupet, A., Cardin, L., Marais, A. and Cadilhac, B. (1975). Ann. Phytopath. 7: 277.
• Short, M.N., Hull, R., Bar-Joseph, M. and Rees, M.W. (1977). Virology 77: 408.
• Smookler, M. and Loebenstein, G. (1974). Phytopathology 7: 277.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.