Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Carnation etched ring caulimovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by J. Hammond, R.H. Lawson and J.R. Moran, 1987.

Nomenclature

Acronym

CERV

ICTV decimal code

15.0.1.0.003

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms vary seasonally.
• Dianthus caryophyllus - often symptomless but sometimes necrotic flecks and lines.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Myzus persicae; Aphididae. Transmitted in a semi-persistent manner. Virus lost by the vector when it moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Hakkaart and Jordanova (1968); it is more difficult to eliminate by heat therapy and meristem culture than other carnation viruses.

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show necrotic flecks, lines and chlorotic blotches.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Saponaria vaccaria cv. Pink Beauty - red ringspots or necrotic flecks, spots, lines and rings.
• Dianthus caryophyllus cv. Joker - typical "etched ring" symptoms.
• Silene armeria - systemic necrotic lines and blotches.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana tabacum.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Dianthus caryophyllus, Saponaria vaccaria (Hsu and Lawson, 1985).

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

no reliable host is known) Saponaria vaccaria cv. Pink beauty, can be used if plants are grown under controlled light and temperature, and flowering is prevented (Hearon and Lawson, 1981).

Susceptible host species

• Dianthus caryophyllus
• Saponaria vaccaria
• Silene armeria

Insusceptible host species

• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana tabacum

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Caryophyllaceae (3/3)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (2/2)
• Solanaceae (3/3)

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 80-85 °C. DEP: log₁₀ minus 3-4. Leaf sap contains few virions. Electron microscopy: ISEM best using UA.

Purification method

Hull et al. (1976).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 45 nm in diameter; angular in profile; with a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 206 S.

Biochemical properties

Genome consists of DNA; double-stranded; circular and linear (also super coiled). Total genome size 7.932 kb (pairs). Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 7.932 kb (pairs). Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Lawson and Civerolo (1976, 1978); Hull and Donson (1982). Infectivity retained when deproteinised with proteases; retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Genome has no tRNA-like activity.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• X04658 Em(40)_vi:CERVDNA Gb(84)_vi:CERVDNA Carnation etched ring virus (CERV) DNA. 9/93 7,932bp. 1 sequence.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions. Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells.

Features of proteins

Virus-coded non-virion proteins Lawson and Civerolo (1978).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm and in nuclei. Inclusions present in infected cells; are viroplasms; they contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Caulimovirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Cauliflower mosaic, sweet potato caulimo-like and dahlia mosaic viruses (Hollings and Stone, 1969).

Additional comments on relationships

Distant homologies in nucleic acid hybridization tests with other caulimoviruses (Hull and Donson, 1982; Donson and Hull, 1983).

Best tests for diagnosis

Difficult to detect in carnations.

Comments and References

References

• Donson, J. and Hull, R. (1983). J. gen. Virol. 64: 2281.
• Hakkaart, F.A. and Jordanova, J. (1968). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 74: 146.
• Hearon, S.S. and Lawson, R.H. (1981). Phytopathology 71: 645.
• Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1960). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1960, p. 94.
• Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1969). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1968, p. 102.
• Hsu, H.T. and Lawson, R.H. (1985). Phytopathology 75: 778.
• Hull, R. and Donson, J. (1982). J. gen. Virol. 60: 125.
• Hull, R., Shepherd, R.J. and Harvey, J.D. (1976). J. gen. Virol. 31: 9246.
• Lawson, R.H. and Civerolo, E.L. (1976). Acta Hort. 59: 49.
• Lawson, R.H. and Civerolo, E.L. (1977). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 182, 4 pp.
• Lawson, R.H. and Civerolo, E.L. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 181.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.