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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Brome mosaic bromovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by C. Büchen-Osmond, 1987.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

weidelgrasmosaikvirus, ryegrass streak virus, trespengrasmosaikvirus.

Acronym

BMV

ICTV decimal code

10.0.3.0.003

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Bromus inermis - mosaic.

Transmission

In laboratory tests, nematodes of the genus Xiphinema transmitted the virus (Schmidt et al., 1963; Fritzsche, 1975). Attempts to transmit the virus with aphids and mites have been unsuccessful (Lane, 1974). Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seed (Lane, 1974).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the Eurasian region (eastern); Australia, South Africa, and the USA (central).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show local lesions, systemic necrosis.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Zea mays -lesions then systemic necrosis and death.
• Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. hybridum, C. quinoa - local lesions; not systemic.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Hordeum vulgare.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium hybridum (L).

Susceptible host species

• Bromus inermis
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium hybridum
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Hordeum vulgare
• Zea mays

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (3/3)
• Gramineae (3/3)

Sources of host-range data

Lane (1974); Rochow (1959).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 80 °C. LIV: 28 days (or longer). DEP: log₁₀ minus 4-5. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Lane and Kaesberg (1971); Lane (1977).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 26 nm in diameter; rounded in profile; with a conspicuous capsomere arrangement (Bancroft et al., 1967).

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 87.3 S (at pH 3-6); of the other(s) 78.7 S (at pH 7; Incardona and Kaesberg, 1964). Density 1.35 g cm^-3 in CsCl (Bancroft, 1971). Isoelectric point pH 6.8 (Rice and Horst, 1972).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 22 % nucleic acid; 78 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 8.216 kb. Genome of three parts; largest (or only) genome part the largest 3.234 kb (RNA-1); the 2nd largest 2.865 kb (RNA-2); the 3rd largest 2.117 kb (RNA-3). Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Bockstahler and Kaesberg (1962; 1965). Base composition 28 % G; 27 % A; 21 % C; 24 % U. 5´ terminus of RNA has a methylated nucleotide cap (of 7-methyl guanosine). Genome has tRNA-like activity. Genome accepts tyrosine. Nucleotide sequence references: Bastin et al. (1976); P. Kaesberg in Lane (1977); DasGupta et al. (1975).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• J02042 Em(40)_vi:MBRCG3Z Gb(84)_vi:MBRCG3Z Brome mosaic virus (Russian strain) RNA 3 (and RNA 4), of complete genome. 6/94 2,111bp.
• K01774 Em(40)_vi:BRMBRR05 Gb(84)_vi:MBRRNA1 Brome mosaic virus (Russian strain) RNA 1, 3´ end. 6/94 260bp.
• K01775 Em(40)_vi:BRMBRR06 Gb(84)_vi:MBRRNA2 Brome mosaic virus (Russian strain) RNA 2, 3´ end. 6/94 265bp
• K02706 Gb(84)_vi:MBRCG1Z Brome mosaic virus RNA 1 of complete genome. 11/85 3,234bp.
• K02707 Gb(84)_vi:MBRCG2Z Brome mosaic virus RNA 2 of complete genome. 11/85 2,865bp.
• M10570 Em(40)_vi:BRMBRR04 Gb(84)_vi:MBRRNA4A Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA 4, 3´ end. 7/89 227bp.
• M12024 Em(40)_vi:BRMBRTRL Gb(84)_vi:MBRTRLA Brome mosaic virus 3´ terminal tRNA-like structure. 4/90 131bp
• M12675 Em(40)_vi:BRMBRR03 Gb(84)_vi:MBRRNA3B Brome mosaic virus RNA encoding coat protein, partial cd. 4/90 53bp.
• M18690 Em(40)_vi:BRMBRR02 Gb(84)_vi:MBRRNA3A Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA 3, 3´ end. 7/89 227bp.
• M19306 Em(40)_vi:BRMBRRNA Gb(84)_vi:MBRRNA1A Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA 1, 3´ end. 7/89 170bp.
• M19307 Em(40)_vi:BRMBRR01 Gb(84)_vi:MBRRNA2A Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA 2, 3´ end. 7/89 196bp.
• M19550 Em(40)_sy:AGRNA3C Gb(84)_sy:SYNRNA3C Synthetic Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA 3´ end/CAT gene from pB3CA42, partial cds. 4/90 50bp.
• M19552 Em(40)_sy:AGRNA3E Gb(84)_sy:SYNRNA3E Synthetic brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA 3´ with CAT gene from plasmid pB3CA71, partial cd. 4/9
• M19553 Em(40)_sy:AGRNA301 Gb(84)_sy:SYNRNA3D Synthetic brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA 3´ with CAT gene from plasmid pB3CA61, partial cds. 4/
• M25172 Em(40)_vi:BRMBR5RN Gb(84)_vi:MBR5RNA3 Brome mosaic virus RNA-3, 5´ end. 1/90 164bp.
• V00099 Em(40)_vi:BRBMV3 Gb(84)_vi:BRBMV3 Brome mosaic virus complete sequence of RNA 3 encoding cistron 3a and the coat protein. 6/94
• X01678 Em(40)_vi:BRBMV2 Gb(84)_vi:BRBMV2 Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA2. 9/93 2,865bp
• X02380 Em(40)_vi:BRBMV1 Gb(84)_vi:BRBMV1 Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA1 sequence. 9/93 3,234bp.
• X58456 Em(43)_vi:Bmv1aprot Gb(89)_vi:Bmv1aprot Brome mosaic virus mRNA for 1a protein. 10/94 3,234bp.
• X58457 Em(43)_vi:Bmv2aprot Gb(89)_vi:Bmv2aprot Brome mosaic virus mRNA for 2a protein. 10/94 2,867bp.
• X58458 Em(43)_vi:Bmv3aprot Gb(89)_vi:Bmv3aprot Brome mosaic virus mRNA for 3a protein and coat protein. 10/94 2,114bp.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions; is subgenomic mRNA; for the coat protein; it is called RNA-4 and is found in the virions containing RNA-3. Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 20300; coat protein. Method of preparation: Stubbs and Kaesberg (1964). Amino acid composition: Stubbs and Kaesberg (1964); Ahlquist et al. (1981).

Virus-coded non-virion proteins isolated (Hariharasubramanian et al. (1973)); one protein found. M_r 35000; membrane-bound RNA polymerase.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves and mesophyll; in cytoplasm, in the perinuclear space, and in chloroplasts (within invaginations; Paliwal, 1970). Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the cytoplasm. Other cellular changes: virions which can associate in a helical array around the outside of membraneous tubules and are about 30 nm in diameter (Burges et al., 1974).

Taxonomy and relationships

Bromovirus: Bromoviridae (the type species)

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, but distantly (Scott and Slack, 1971).

Additional comments on relationships

RNA-1 and RNA-2 from brome mosaic virus and RNA-3 from cowpea chlorotic mottle virus form a viable genetic hybrid, although this replicates more slowly and has a narrower host range (Bancroft, 1972). This indicates their close relationship. Brome mosaic and broad bean mottle viruses also are related as shown by their physical properties of their virions and similar coat protein composition.

Best tests for diagnosis

Brome mosaic virus is distinguishable from most other viruses of Gramineae by its symptoms in maize and by its ability to infect several non-graminaceous hosts.

Comments and References

References

• Ahlquist, P., Luckow and Kaesberg, P. (1981). J. mol. Biol. 153: 23.
• Bancroft, J.B. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 3, 3 pp.
• Bancroft, J.B. (1971). Virology 45: 830.
• Bancroft, J.B. (1972). J. gen. Virol. 14: 223.
• Bancroft, J.B., Hills, G.J. and Markham, R. (1967). Virology 31: 354.
• Bastin, M., DasGupta, R., Hall, T.C. and Kaesberg, P. (1976). J. mol. Biol. 103: 737.
• Bockstahler, L.E. and Kaesberg, P. (1962). Biophys. J. 2: 1.
• Bockstahler, L.E. and Kaesberg, P. (1965). J. mol. Biol. 13: 127.
• Burgess, J., Motoyoshi, F. and Fleming, E.N. (1974). Planta 117: 133.
• DasGupta, R., Shih, D.S., Saris, C. and Kaesberg, P. (1972). Biochem. J. 129: 969.
• Fritzsche, R. (1975). Archiv. Phytopath. PflSchutz. 11: 197.
• Hariharasubramanian, V., Hadidi, A., Singer, B. and Fraenkel-Conrat, H. (1973). Virology 54: 190.
• Incardona, N.L. and Kaesberg, P. (1964). Biophys. J. 4: 11.
• Lane, L.C. (1974). Adv. Virus Res. 19: 151.
• Lane, L.C. (1977). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 183, 4 pp.
• Lane, L.C. and Kaesberg, P. (1971). Nature, New Biol. 232: 40.
• McKinney, H.H., Fellows, H. and Johnston, C.O. (1942). Phytopathology 32: 331.
• Paliwal, Y.C. (1970). J. Ultrastruct. Res. 30: 491.
• Rice, R.H. and Horst, J. (1972). Virology 49: 602.
• Rochow, W.F. (1959). Phytopathology 49: 126.
• Schmidt, H.B., Fritsche, R. and Lehmann, W. (1963). Naturw. 50: 386.
• Stubbs, J.D. and Kaesberg, P. (1964). J. mol. Biol. 8: 314.
• Von Wechmar, M.B. and van Regenmortel, M.H.V. (1968). Virology 34: 36.

Illustrations

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.