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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Beet western yellows luteovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by J.E. Duffus and G.R. Johnstone, 1983.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

beet mild yellowing virus (Russell, 1958), malva yellows virus (Costa et al., 1959), pea leaf roll virus - New Zealand, radish yellows virus (Duffus, 1960; 1961), turnip mild yellows virus.

Acronym

BWYV.

ICTV decimal code

39.0.1.0.008

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist, or vary seasonally.
• More than 150 species in 23 dicotyledonous families susceptible including such economically important species as:
• Beta vulgaris (sugar and table beet), Spinacia oleracea, Helianthus annuus, Lactuca sativa, Brassica napus var. napobrassica, B. campestris ssp. napus, B. campestris ssp. rapa, B. nigra, B. oleracea var. botrytis, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Raphanus sativus, Crambe abyssinica, Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Cicer arietinum, Glycine max, Pisum sativum, Trifolium subterraneum, Vicia faba, Phlox drummondii, Capsicum annuum, Lycopersicon esculentum - mild chlorotic spotting, yellowing, thickening and brittleness of older leaves.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Aphis craccivora, A. gossypii, Acyrthosiphon (Aulacorthum) solani, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brevicoryne brassicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus (Sciamyzus) ascalonicus, M. ornatus, M. persicae, Myzus (Phorodon) humuli; Aphididae. Principal natural vector(s): Myzus persicae. Transmitted in a persistent manner. Virus retained when the vector moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; does not require a helper virus for vector transmission and can help the vector transmission of another virus (lettuce speckles mottle umbravirus); not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show yellowing, reddening, stunting.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Gomphrena globosa, Crambe abyssinica, Trifolium subterraneum, Montia perfoliata - systemic leaf reddening.
• Lactuca sativa, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Pisum sativum - systemic leaf yellowing.
• Arachis hypogaea, Glycine max cv. Shirotsuronoko, Lens culinaris - stunting.
• Senecio vulgaris, Spinacia oleracea.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Chenopodium capitatum, Lactuca sativa, Medicago sativa, Nicotiana clevelandii, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Trifolium hybridum, T. incarnatum.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Beta vulgaris, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Crambe abyssinica, Montia perfoliata, Raphanus sativus, Physalis floridana.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Beta vulgaris (W), Senecio vulgaris (W), Capsella bursa-pastoris (W), Crambe abyssinica (W), Montia perfoliata (W).

Susceptible host species

• Abelmoschus esculentus
• Amaranthus retroflexus
• Arachis hypogaea
• Arctotheca calendula
• Arundo donax
• Beta macrocarpa
• Beta patellaris
• Beta vulgaris
• Brassica campestris ssp. napus
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis
• Brassica campestris ssp. rapa
• Brassica juncea
• Brassica napus var. napobrassica
• Brassica nigra
• Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
• Brassica oleracea var. capitata
• Calandrinia caulescens
• Capsella bursa-pastoris
• Capsicum annuum
• Celosia argentea
• Cheiranthus cheiri
• Chenopodium capitatum
• Cicer arietinum
• Citrullus lanatus
• Clarkia pulchella
• Coronopus didymus
• Crambe abyssinica
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita moschata
• Cucurbita pepo
• Erodium moschatum
• Euphorbia peplus
• Gazania rigens
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Helianthus annuus
• Lactuca sativa
• Lactuca serriola
• Lathyrus odoratus
• Lens culinaris
• Lupinus albus
• Lupinus cosentinii
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Malva parviflora
• Matthiola incana
• Medicago hispida
• Montia perfoliata
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana bigelovii
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Papaver rhoeas
• Petroselinum crispum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phlox drummondii
• Physalis floridana
• Pisum sativum
• Raphanus sativus
• Senecio vulgaris
• Sinapis alba
• Sinapis arvensis
• Solanum tuberosum
• Sonchus asper
• Sonchus oleraceus
• Spinacia oleracea
• Stellaria media
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Trifolium pratense
• Trifolium repens
• Trifolium subterraneum
• Tropaeolum majus
• Vicia faba
• Vicia sativa
• Vigna unguiculata
• Viola cornuta
• Zinnia elegans

Insusceptible host species

• Amaranthus caudatus
• Atriplex hortensis
• Brassica campestris
• Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis
• Brassica campestris ssp. napus
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis
• Brassica campestris ssp. rapa
• Brassica juncea
• Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
• Brassica oleracea var. capitata
• Celosia argentea
• Celosia cristata
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium ambrosioides
• Chenopodium capitatum
• Chenopodium foetidum
• Chenopodium foliosum
• Chenopodium hybridum
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Chrysanthemum morifolium
• Citrullus vulgaris
• Cucumis melo
• Cucumis sativus
• Datura metel
• Datura stramonium
• Emilia sagittata
• Hyoscyamus niger
• Lablab purpureus
• Lactuca sativa
• Lepidium campestre
• Linum usitatissimum
• Medicago sativa
• Melandrium album
• Melilotus albus
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana sylvestris
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Pisum sativum
• Prunus persica
• Solanum nigrum
• Sonchus oleraceus
• Trifolium hybridum
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Trifolium pratense
• Trifolium repens
• Trifolium subterraneum
• Verbesina encelioides
• Vicia faba

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (3/5)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/2)
• Chenopodiaceae (5/13)
• Compositae (9/12)
• Cruciferae (16/19)
• Cucurbitaceae (4/6)
• Euphorbiaceae (1/1)
• Geraniaceae (1/1)
• Gramineae (1 /1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (16/21)
• Malvaceae (2/2)
• Onagraceae (1/1)
• Papaveraceae (1/1)
• Polemoniaceae (1/1)
• Portulacaceae (2/2)
• Solanaceae (8/14)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)
• Tropaeolaceae (1 /1)
• Umbelliferae (1/1)
• Violaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (3/5)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/2)
• Chenopodiaceae (9/13)
• Compositae (5/12)
• Cruciferae (9/19)
• Cucurbitaceae (3/6)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (11/21)
• Linaceae (1/1)
• Rosaceae (1 /1)
• Solanaceae (8/14)

Sources of host-range data

Duffus (1960, 1964, 1973); Johnstone et al. (1984); Duffus and Rochow (1978); Duffus and Johnstone (1984).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 65 °C. LIV: 16 days. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Duffus (1981); D'Arcy et al. (1983); Govier (1985).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 26 nm in diameter; angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 116 S. Density 1.42 g cm^-3 in CsCl. Density 1.36 in Cs₂SO₄. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.8.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain c. 30 % nucleic acid; c. 70 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 5.641 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 5.641 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Veidt et al. (1988).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D13750 Em(40)_vi:BWY3E Gb(84)_vi:BWY3E Beet western yellows virus, 3`end of virus genome. 12/92 109bp.
• L04281 Em(40)_vi:BWYRNA Gb(84)_vi:BWYRNA Beet western yellows virus genomic RNA sequence, open reading frame 1,2,3, and 4. 5/93 2,843b
• X13062 Em(40)_vi:BWYV3 Gb(84)_vi:BWYV3 Beet Western Yellows Virus (BWYV) genomic RNA 3´-end. 9/93 2,208bp.
• X13063 Em(40)_vi:BWYVFL1 Gb(84)_vi:BWYVFL1 Beet western yellows virus (BWYV-FL1) genomic RNA. 9/93 5,641bp.
• L39952 Gb(89)_vi:Bwycoat Beet western yellows virus RNA. 2/95 1,041bp.
• L39982 Em(43)_vi:Lebwycp31 Gb(89)_vi:Bwycp31a Beet western yellows luteovirus (strain bwyv-1, isolate 31) coat protein RNA fragment. 5/95 2
• L40009 Gb(89)_vi:Bwycoata Beet western yellows virus coat protein. 2/95 205bp.
• L40010 Gb(89)_vi:Bwycoatb Beet western yellows virus coat protein. 2/95 703bp.
• L40011 Gb(89)_vi:Bwycoatc Beet western yellows virus coat protein. 2/95 878bp.
• L40012 Gb(89)_vi:Bwycoatd Beet western yellows virus coat protein. 2/95 877bp.
• L40013 Gb(89)_vi:Bwycoate Beet western yellows virus coat protein. 2/95 878bp.
• L40014 Gb(89)_vi:Bwycoatf Beet western yellows virus coat protein. 2/95 878bp.
• L40015 Gb(89)_vi:Bwycoatg Beet western yellows virus coat protein. 2/95 878bp.
• L40016 Gb(89)_vi:Bwycoath Beet western yellows virus coat protein. 2/95 878bp.
• L40017 Gb(89)_vi:Bwycoati Beet western yellows virus coat protein. 2/95 878bp.
• L40018 Gb(89)_vi:Bwycoatj Beet western yellows virus coat protein. 2/95 972bp.
• L40019 Em(43)_vi:Lebwycoat Gb(89)_vi:Bwycoatk Beet western yellows virus coat protein. 5/95 1,154bp.
• L40020 Gb(89)_vi:Bwycoatl Beet western yellows virus coat protein. 2/95 1,041bp.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) two; M_r of the larger 56000. M_r of 2nd largest 24000. Method of preparation: Falk and Duffus (1984).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, roots, phloem and stems; in nuclei. Inclusions absent from infected cells.

Taxonomy and relationships

Luteovirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Barley yellow dwarf-RPV and beet mild yellowing viruses are closely related; soybean dwarf, subterranean clover red leaf, potato leafroll are more distantly related and bean leaf roll virus is very distantly related. Beet mild yellowing virus is so close that some consider it to be the same species.

Comments and References

References

• Casper, R. (1988). In: The Plant Viruses, Vol. 3; Polyhedral Virions with Monopartite RNA Genomes, p. 235, ed. R. Koenig, Plenum Press, New York.
• Chin, L.-S., Forster, J.L. and Falk, B.W. (1993). Virology 192: 473.
• Costa, A.S., Duffus, J.E. and Bardin, R. (1959). J. Am. Soc. Sug. Beet Technol. 10: 371.
• D'Arcy, C.J., Hewings, A.D., Burnett, P.A. and Jedlinski, H. (1983). Phytopathology 73: 755.
• Duffus, J.E. (1960). Phytopathology 50: 389.
• Duffus, J.E. (1961). Phytopathology 51: 605.
• Duffus, J.E. (1964). Phytopathology 54: 736.
• Duffus, J.E. (1972). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 89, 4 pp.
• Duffus, J.E. (1973). Adv. Virus Res. 18: 347.
• Duffus, J.E. (1977). In: Aphids as Virus Vectors, p. 361; ed. K.F. Harris and K. Maramarosch. Academic Press, New York.
• Duffus, J.E. (1981). Phytopathology 71: 193.
• Duffus, J.E. and Rochow, W.F. (1978). Phytopathology 68:45.
• Duffus, J.E. and Russel, G.E. (1975). Phytopathology 65: 811.
• Falk, B.W. and Duffus, J.E. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 1224.
• Gold, A.H. and Duffus, J.E. (1967). Virology 31: 308.
• Govier, G.A. (1985). Ann. appl. Biol. 107: 439.
• Johnstone, G.R. and Duffus, J.E. (1984). Aust. J. agric. Res. 35: 821.
• Johnstone, G.R., Ashby, J.W., Gibbs, A.J., Duffus, J.E., Thottappilly, G. and Fletcher, J.D. (1984). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 90: 225.
• Rochow, W.F. and Duffus, J.E. (1981). In: Handbook of Plant Virus Infections and Comparative Diagnosis, p. 147; ed. E. Kurstak. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
• Russell, G.E. (1958). Ann. appl. Biol. 46: 393.
• Veidt, I., Lot, H., Leiser, M., Scheidecker, D., Guilley, H., Richards, K. and Jonard, G. (1988). Nucl. Acids Res. 16: 9917.

Illustrations

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.