Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Beet mosaic potyvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by G.D. Heathcote and R.D. Woods, 1982. Revised by F. Nienhaus, 1987 and I. Fujisawa, 1988. Revised by H.G. Smith and A.V. Karasev, 1991.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

spinach mosaic virus, sugarbeet mosaic virus.

Acronym

BtMV

Strains

dioscorea alata ring mottle virus, dioscorea alata ringspot virus.

ICTV decimal code

57.0.1.0.010

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist. Symptoms flecking then mosaic, malformation.
• Beta maritima, Melilotus indicus, Trifolium incarnatum - vein yellowing or netting and leaf malformation.
• Beta vulgaris - small local lesions on tip leaves, then mottling and malformation.
• Spinacia oleracea - flecking, yellowing.
• Chenopodium album - local lesions and curling of leaves.
• Amaranthus retroflexus, Sonchus arvensis, Melilotus indicus - vein chlorosis, mottling.
• Trifolium incarnatum - vein chlorosis, mottling, necrosis.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; more than 28 spp. including Myzus persicae, Aphis fabae, Rhopalosiphum padi, Acyrthosiphon (Metopolophium) dirhodum, Macrosiphum (Sitobion) avenae; Aphididae. Principal natural vector(s): Myzus persicae, Aphis fabae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Smith (1957).

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide (in all major beet growing areas (Russell 1971)).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show mosaic, necrotic local lesions.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Amaranthus caudatus, A. retroflexus, Beta patellaris - necrotic local lesions.
• Gomphrena globosa, Chenopodium quinoa, Spinacia oleracea - chlorotic local lesions.
• Beta vulgaris - systemic mosaic.
• Nicotiana bigelovii, N. clevelandii, Phacelia campanularia, Pisum sativum, Samolus parviflorus.
• Stellaria media - necrotic spots; systemic mosaic.
• Glycine max - systemic mosaic.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Beta vulgaris, Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Amaranthus caudatus (L), Kazakh isolate (W), A. retroflexus (L), Gomphrena globosa (L), Beta patellaris (L), B. vulgaris (W), Chenopodium quinoa (L), Spinacia oleracea (W).

Susceptible host species

• Abelmoschus esculentus
• Amaranthus caudatus
• Amaranthus retroflexus
• Atriplex hortensis
• Beta macrocarpa
• Beta maritima
• Beta patellaris
• Beta vulgaris
• Capsella bursa-pastoris
• Celosia argentea
• Celosia cristata
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium capitatum
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucurbita pepo
• Dianthus barbatus
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Hyoscyamus niger
• Melilotus indicus
• Nicotiana bigelovii
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Phacelia campanularia
• Phytolacca americana
• Pisum sativum
• Samolus parviflorus
• Senecio vulgaris
• Sonchus arvensis
• Spinacia oleracea
• Stellaria media
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Vicia faba
• Zinnia elegans

Insusceptible host species

• Apium graveolens
• Brassica campestris
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis
• Brassica juncea
• Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
• Brassica oleracea var. capitata
• Calendula officinalis
• Capsicum frutescens
• Cheiranthus cheiri
• Chrysanthemum morifolium
• Cucumis sativus
• Dahlia pinnata
• Datura metel
• Datura stramonium
• Daucus carota
• Lactuca sativa
• Lathyrus odoratus
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Matthiola incana
• Medicago sativa
• Melilotus albus
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana sylvestris
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Phlox drummondii
• Physalis floridana
• Raphanus sativus
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum nigrum
• Solanum tuberosum
• Sonchus oleraceus
• Trifolium pratense
• Trifolium repens
• Vigna unguiculata

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (5/5)
• Caryophyllaceae (2/2)
• Chenopodiaceae (11/11)
• Compositae (3/8)
• Cruciferae (1/9)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/2)
• Hydrophyllaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (5/12)
• Malvaceae (1 /1)
• Phytolaccaceae (1/1)
• Primulaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (4/18)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Compositae (5/8)
• Cruciferae (8/9)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (7/12)
• Polemoniaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (16/18)
• Umbelliferae (2/2)

Sources of host-range data

Bennett (1949); Smith (1957); Thornberry (1966); Russell (1971); Edwardson (1974); Rogov et al. (1991).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 55-60 °C. LIV: 1-2 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 3. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Chod and Polak (1969); Fujisawa et al. (1983); Rogov et al. (1991); Grüntzig and Fuchs (1979a).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; of 695-770 nm; 13 nm wide. Axial canal obscure. Basic helix obscure; pitch of basic helix 3.4 nm.

Physical properties

Of the other(s) 150-160 S. Density 1.31 g cm^-3 in CsCl. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.22 to 1.25 (Fujisawa et al., 1983); 1.23 to 1.40 (Rogov et al., 1991).

Biochemical properties

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear; unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 10 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Karasev: two phenol/chloroform extractions (pH 8-8.5).

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 34700; coat protein.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm, in nuclei, and in chloroplasts. Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the cytoplasm, crystals in the nucleus, amorphous X-bodies, pinwheels, and unusual in shape; bundle type (Hoefert, 1969); they do not contain virions. Other cellular changes: enlarged and malformed nucleoli in Beta vulgaris and Gomphrena globosa.

Taxonomy and relationships

Potyvirus: Potyviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Bean yellow mosaic, soybean mosaic and potato Y viruses, but distantly.

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Plum pox potyvirus.

Differences between type strain and others

Dioscorea alata ring mottle virus strain differences include: purified virions sediment as 1 component, sedimentation coefficient 162 S, density in CsCl 1.321 g cm^-3, nucleic acid 5.1%, genome is ssRNA, in 1 part, total size 10kb. Method of protein preparation reported by Laemmli and Favre (1973), 2 species found, Mr 36000 and 35000.

Comments and References

References

• Bennett, C.W. (1949). Phytopathology 39: 669.
• Chod, J. and Polak, Z. (1969). Biologia Pl. 11: 324.
• Edwardson, J.R. (1974). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 5.
• Fujisawa, I., Tsuchizaki, T. and Iizuka, N. (1983). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 49: 22.
• Grüntzig, M. and Fuchs, E. (1979a). Arch. Phytopathol. Pflanzenschutz 15: 89.
• Grüntzig, M. and Fuchs, E. (1979b). Arch. Phytopathol. Pflanzenschutz 15: 153.
• Hoefert, L.L. (1969). Virology 37: 498.
• Katis, N. and Gibson, R.W. (1984). Pl. Path. 33: 425.
• Laemmli, U.K. and Favre, M. (1973). J. mol. Biol. 80: 575.
• Rogov, V.V., Bobkova, A.F., Karasev, A.V., Agranovsky, A.A. and Gorbunova, N.I. (1989). Doklady VASChNIL, No. 8, p. 7.
• Rogov, V.V., Karasev, A.V., Agranovsky, A.A. and Gorbunova, N.I. (1991). Pl. Path. 40 in press.
• Russell, G.E. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 53, 3 pp.
• Schneider, F. and Mundry, K.W. (1956). Z. Naturf. 11: 393.
• Thornberry, H.H. (1966). In: Index of Plant Virus Diseases. U.S. Dep. Agric. Hdbk No. 307.
• Tulegenov, T.A. (1977). Vest. Sel'.khoz. Nauki, Kazakhstana 20: 122.
• Zimmer, K. and Brandes, J. (1956). Phytopath. Z. 26: 439.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.