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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by O.W. Barnett and Xu Zeyong, 1982. Revised 1987 by O.W. Barnett; data on Croatian clover strain collated by N. Taraku, 1983.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

bean virus 2, canna mosaic virus (Brierley and Smith, 1948), gladiolus mosaic virus, gloriosa stripe mosaic virus.

Acronym

BYMV

Strains

Croatian clover potyvirus, Croatian clover mosaic virus (Taraku et al. 1977), dipladenia mosaic virus (Paludan et al., 1988), pea mosaic 1 virus, pea 2 virus, pisum 2 virus, pea common mosaic virus. There are many other strains, Scott's isolate, B-25 and isolates from Gladiolus spp. are considered typical isolates, pea mosaic virus (PMV) 204 and other isolates from clovers are more distant.

ICTV decimal code

57.0.1.0.009

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms vary seasonally.
• Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum - tip necrosis, mosaic (strains B25 and Scott).
• Gladiolus sp., Freesia sp., Lupinus luteus, Robinia pseudoacacia, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Vicia sativa, Papaver somniferum - streaks, mosaics, mottling and leaf malformation.
• Arachis hypogaea - leaf mottling.
• Crotalaria spectabilis, Glycine max, Canna spp., Trifolium subterraneum, Eustoma russellianum, Vicia faba, Medicago sativa, Trifolium hybridum, T. vesiculosum, T. incarnatum, T. pratense, T. repens - mosaics.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; more than 20 spp. including Acyrthosiphon pisum, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus persicae, Aphis fabae; Aphididae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by seed (to 3%).

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show mosaic.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

B-25 or Scott strains.
• Gomphrena globosa - necrotic local lesions; not systemic.
• Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa - necrotic local lesions with red border; some systemic chlorotic vein banding and spots.
• Phaseolus vulgaris - necrotic or chlorotic local lesions; systemic mosaic.
• Pisum sativum - Perfection types not infected; systemic mosaic in others.
• Vicia faba - mild systemic mosaic.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Cucumis sativus (I), Trifolium repens (I) Scott strain.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Pisum sativum, Vicia faba, Phaseolus vulgaris, Nicotiana clevelandii.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), C. quinoa (L).

Susceptible host species

• Amaranthus caudatus
• Arachis hypogaea
• Cajanus cajan
• Canna
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cicer arietinum
• Crotalaria retusa
• Crotalaria spectabilis
• Cucurbita maxima
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Eustoma russellianum
• Freesia
• Gladiolus
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Lathyrus odoratus
• Lens culinaris
• Lupinus albus
• Lupinus angustifolius
• Lupinus luteus
• Macrotyloma uniflorum
• Medicago sativa
• Melilotus albus
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana sylvestris
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Papaver somniferum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus lunatus
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Physalis floridana
• Phytolacca americana
• Pisum sativum
• Robinia pseudoacacia
• Spinacia oleracea
• Stellaria media
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Trifolium hybridum
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Trifolium pratense
• Trifolium repens
• Trifolium subterraneum
• Trifolium vesiculosum
• Trigonella foenum-graecum
• Vicia faba
• Vicia sativa
• Vicia villosa
• Vigna angularis
• Vigna radiata
• Vigna unguiculata
• Zinnia elegans

Insusceptible host species

• Amaranthus retroflexus
• Beta macrocarpa
• Cassia tora
• Cheiranthus cheiri
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Datura stramonium
• Datura tatula
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Phlox drummondii
• Trifolium repens (Scott strain)
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (2/3)
• Cannaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (4/5)
• Compositae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/3)
• Gentianaceae (1/1)
• Iridaceae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (32 /33)
• Papaveraceae (1/1)
• Phytolaccaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (8/11)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/3)
• Chenopodiaceae (2/5)
• Cruciferae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/3)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (2/33)
• Polemoniaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (3/11)

Sources of host-range data

Bos et al. (1974); Edwardson (1974); Ghabriel et al. (1977); Hampton et al. (1978); Horváth (1979b); Johnstone and McLean (1987); Komuro et al. (1968); Lindsten et al. (1976); Lisa et al. (1987); McLaughlin (1988); Moghal et al. (1976); Randles et al. (1980); Taylor et al. (1986); Thornberry (1966).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 65 °C. LIV: 2-7 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 3-5. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Coat protein degrades if not purified rapidly (Reddick and Barnett, 1983).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 750 nm (, longer in presence of divalent cations); 12-15 nm wide. Axial canal obscure. Basic helix obvious; pitch of basic helix 3.4 nm.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 151 S.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5 % nucleic acid; 95 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 10 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 10 kb.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D00490 Em(40)_vi:BYMVCP Gb(84)_vi:MBGVCP Bean yellow mosaic virus, coat protein gene, complete cds. 8/90 1,015bp.
• D00604 Em(40)_vi:MBGCAP Gb(84)_vi:MBGCAP Bean yellow mosaic virus capsid protein gene, complete cds. 8/91 1,392bp.
• D28819 Em(40)_vi:MBGMB625 Gb(84)_vi:MBGMB625 Bean yellow mosaic virus gene. 4/94 4,306bp.
• S77515 Em(40)_vi:S77515 Gb(84)_vi:S77515 viral coat protein (3´ region) bean yellow mosaic virus BYMV, strain S, Genomic RNA, 1019 nt
• X53684 Em(40)_vi:POBYMV Gb(84)_vi:POBYMV Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) mRNA for coat protein. 9/93 993bp.
• X63358 Em(40)_vi:BYMV3G Gb(84)_vi:BYMV3G Bean yellow mosaic virus 3´part of genome. 6/93 4,320bp.
• X81124 Em(43)_vi:Bymvcpnib Gb(89)_vi:Bymvcpnib Bean yellow mosaic virus genomic RNA for coat protein. 8/94 1,239bp.

Features of proteins

Amino acid composition: Randles et al., (1980) for bean yellow mosaic virus-S and -Q.

Virus-coded non-virion proteins isolated (Nagel et al. (1983) for nuclear inclusion protein); two proteins found. M_r of the largest 56000. M_r of 2nd largest 51000.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the nucleus, crystals in the cytoplasm, and pinwheels (Edwardson's Group II); they do not contain virions (although sometimes banded bodies are found in the cytoplasm that consist of virions).

Taxonomy and relationships

Potyvirus: Potyviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Clover yellow vein and bean common mosaic viruses.

Differences between type strain and others

The Croatian clover strain infects Nicotiana megalosiphon and Chenopodium murale, and is serologically distinct from type strains.

Additional comments on relationships

With random primed cDNA and S1 nuclease, several bean yellow mosaic potyvirus strains show close homology, but no hybridization was detected between bean yellow mosaic strains and clover yellow vein, bean yellow mosaic (PMV) 204-1 or sweet pea mosaic viruses (Barnett et al., 1987).

Comments and References

References

• Barnett, O.W., Randles, J.W. and Burrows, P.M. (1987). Phytopathology 77: 791.
• Bays, D.C. and Demski, J.W. (1986). Plant Dis. 70: 667.
• Bos, L. (1970). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 76: 8.
• Bos, L. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 40, 4 pp.
• Bos, L., Kowalska, C. and Maat, D.Z. (1974). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 80: 173.
• Bos, L., Lindsten, K. and Maat, D.Z. (1977). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 83: 97.
• Brierley, P. and Smith, F.F. (1948). Phytopathology 38: 230.
• Doolittle, S.P. and Jones, F.R. (1925). Phytopathology 15: 763.
• Edwardson, J.R. (1974). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 5, p. 22.
• Hampton, R., Beczner, L., Hagedorn, P., Bos, L., Inouye, T., Barnett, O.W., Musil, M. and Meiners, J. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 989.
• Ghabrial, S.A., Pickard, C.M. and Stuckey, R.E. (1977). Pl. Dis. Reptr 61: 690.
• Horváth, J. (1979a). Acta Phytopath. Acad. Sci. Hung. 14: 157.
• Horváth, J. (1979b). Acta Phytopath. Acad. Sci. Hung. 14: 147.
• Jones, R.T. and Diachun, S. (1977). Phytopathology 67: 831.
• Johnstone, G.R. and McLean, G.D. (1987). Ann. appl. Biol. 110: 421.
• Komuro, Y. and Iwaki, M. (1968). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 34: 7.
• Lindsten, K., Brishammas, S. and Tominius, K. (1976). Meddn St. VäxtskAnst. 16: 289.
• Lisa, V. and Dellavalle, G. (1987). Pl. Path. 36: 214.
• McLaughlin, M.R. (1988). Plant Dis. 72: 539.
• Moghal, S.M. and Francki, R.I.B. (1976). Virology 73: 350.
• Moghal, S.M. and Francki, R.I.B. (1981). Virology 112: 210.
• Nagel, J., Zettler, F.W. and Hiebert, E. (1983). Phytopathology 73: 449.
• Paludan, N., Heide, M., Begtrup, J. and Borkhardt, B. (1988). Acta Hort. 234: 53.
• Pierce, W.H. (1934). Phytopathology 24: 87.
• Randles, J.W., Davies, J.W., Gibbs, A.J. and Hatta, T. (1980). Aust. J. biol. Sci. 33: 245.
• Reddick, B.B. and Barnett, O.W. (1983). Phytopathology 73: 1506.
• Schmelzer, K., Schmidt, H.E. and Beczner, L. (1973). Biol. Zbl. 92: 211.
• Taraku, N., Juretic, N. and Milicic, D. (1977). Acta bot. Croat. 36: 47
• Taylor, N.L., Ghabrial, S.A., Diachun, S. and Cornelius, P.L. (1986). Crop Science 26: 68.
• Thornberry, H.H. (1966). In: Index of Plant Virus Diseases U.S. Dep. Agric. Hdbk No. 307.
• Van Regenmortel, M.H.V. (1964). Virology 23: 495.
• Wetter, C. (1960). Arch. Microbiol. 37: 278.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.