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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Bean southern mosaic sobemovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by O.P. Sehgal, 1980. Revised 1984.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

southern bean mosaic virus, southern bean mosaic virus 1.

Acronym

SBMV

Strains

cowpea strain (strain C), Ghana strain (strain G), severe bean mosaic strain or Mexican strain (strain M) (Tremaine and Hamilton 1983), type strain (strain B).

ICTV decimal code

67.0.1.0.007

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, V. mungo and Glycine max - mosaic and/or mottle, and stunting (especially in Vigna unguiculata).

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Chrysomelidae: Ceratoma trifurcata, Epilachna variestis; Coleoptera. Transmitted in a semi-persistent manner. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by seed (3-7% in V. unguiculata cv. Early Wilt Resistant Ramshorn); transmitted by pollen to the seed and transmitted by pollen to the pollinated plant.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the African region, the North American region, and the South and Central American region; France.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Glycine max - systemic vein clearing and mild mottling.
• Phaseolus lunatus - necrotic local lesions; no systemic infection.
• Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Pinto - local lesions systemic mottling, leaf curling, stunting.
• Vigna unguiculata - chlorotic spots, systemic vein clearing and banding, leaf deformation, stunting; cv. Clay is a local lesion host of the cowpea strain.
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis - local lesions followed by systemic chlorosis and vein clearing.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Cassia tora, Cicer arietinum, Lupinus albus, Melilotus albus.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Bountiful (bean strain), Vigna unguiculata cv. Blackeye (cowpea strain).

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Pinto (bean strain) (L), Vigna unguiculata cv. Clay (cowpea strain) (L).

Susceptible host species

• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Glycine max
• Phaseolus lunatus
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Pisum sativum
• Vigna mungo
• Vigna radiata
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis

Insusceptible host species

• Amaranthus retroflexus
• Arachis hypogaea
• Brassica campestris
• Cajanus cajan
• Capsicum frutescens
• Cassia tora
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cicer arietinum
• Crotalaria spectabilis
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Datura stramonium
• Helianthus annuus
• Lactuca sativa
• Lens culinaris
• Lotus corniculatus
• Lupinus albus
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Macroptilium lathyroides
• Medicago sativa
• Melilotus albus
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Pisum sativum
• Sesbania exaltata
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Trifolium pratense
• Trifolium repens
• Vicia faba
• Vigna unguiculata
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (9/24)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (3/3)
• Compositae (3/3)
• Cruciferae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (17/24)
• Solanaceae (6/6)
• Tetragoniaceae (1 /1)

Sources of host-range data

Zaumeyer and Harter (1943); Shepherd and Fulton (1962); Lamptey et al. (1974).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 90-95 °C. LIV: 20-165 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 5-6. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Hull (1977); Sehgal and Hsu (1977).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 28 nm in diameter; rounded in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 115 S. Density 1.36 g cm^-3 in CsCl. Density 1.1 g cm^-3 in sucrose. Isoelectric point pH 5.5.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 21 % nucleic acid; 79 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 4.195 kb (cowpea strain). Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 4.195 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Weber and Sehgal (1982). Base composition 24 % G; 26 % A; 23 % C; 27 % U. 5´ terminus of RNA has a VPg. Infectivity lost when deproteinised with proteases; retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region absent. Additional factor required for infectivity; a genome-linked protein. Nucleotide sequence references: Wu et al. (1987) for the cowpea strain.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• J02355 Em(40)_vi:SOB3 Gb(84)_vi:MSBB3 southern bean mosaic virus(bean strain)rna, 3´ terminus. 4/90 393bp.
• J02356 Em(40)_vi:SOC3 Gb(84)_vi:MSBC3 southern bean mosaic virus(cowpea strain)rna, 3´ terminus. 4/90 400bp.
• L34672 Gb(84)_vi:MSBP5P Southern bean mosaic virus p11.5 protein gene, complete cds, p96 protein gene, complete cds,
• M23021 Gb(84)_vi:MSBMVCCG Southern bean mosaic virus complete genome. 7/94 4,194bp.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions; is subgenomic mRNA (including autonomised coat cistrons with M_r of 300,000-400,000 d).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) two; M_r of the larger 30000. M_r of 2nd largest 12000. Method of preparation: Hsu et al. (1977); Denloye et al. (1978). Amino acid sequence: Hermondson et al. (1982).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in mesophyll; in cytoplasm and in nuclei. Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape; crystalline aggregates in cowpea strain; they contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Sobemovirus (the type species)

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

None.

Differences between type strain and others

Bean (type) strain infects most Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars systemically (but local lesions only in cv. Pinto), but it does not infect cowpea. Only the bean strain infects Phaseolus lunatus. The cowpea strain strain infects most cowpea cultivars systemically but not Phaseolus vulgaris except cv. Pinto, in which it is symptomless. The Ghana strain infects many cowpea cultivars and induces local or systemic symptomless infection in some cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris, but small necrotic spots in Vigna radiata. The severe bean mosaic strain or Mexican strain induces more severe symptoms in Phaseolus vulgaris than the bean strain, and also infects cowpea (Tremaine and Hamilton 1983).

Comments and References

References

• Abad-Zapatero, C., Abad-Meguid, S.S., Johnon, J.E., Leslie, A.G.W., Rayment, I., Rossmann, M.G., Suck, D. and Tsukihara, T. (1980). Nature, Lond. 286: 33.
• Denloye, A.O., Homer, R.B. and Hull, R.(1978). J. gen. Virol. 41: 77.
• Ghabrial, S.A., Shepherd, R.J. and Grogan, R.G. (1967). Virology 33: 17.
• Ghosh, A., Dasgupta, R., Salerno-Rife, T., Rutgers, T. and Kaesberg, P. (1979). Nucl. Acids Res. 7: 2137.
• Ghosh, A., Rutgers, T., Ke-Qiang, M. and Kaesberg, P.(1981). J. Virol. 39: 87.
• Gorbalenya, A.E., Koonin, E.V., Blinov, V.M. and Donchenko, A.P. (1988). FEBS Lett. 236: 2987.
• Hermondson, M.A., Abad-Zapatero, C., Abdel-Meguid, S.S., Pundak, S., Rossmann, M.G. and Tremaine, J.H. (1982). Virology 39: 133.
• Hsu, C.H., White, J.A. and Sehgal, O.P. (1977). Virology 81: 471.
• Hull, R. (1977). Virology 79: 50.
• Lamptey, P.N.L. and Hamilton, R.I. (1974). Phytopathology 64: 1100.
• Rossmann, M.G., Abad-Zapatero, C., Hermondson, M.A. and Erikson, J.W. (1983). J. mol. Biol. 166: 37.
• Rutgers, T., Salerno-Rife, T. and Kaesberg, P. (1980). Virology 104: 506.
• Salerno-Rife, T., Rutgers, T. and Kaesberg, P. (1980). J. Virol. 34: 51.
• Sehgal, O.P. and Hsu, C.H. (1977). Virology 77: 1.
• Sehgal, O.P. and Hsu, C.H. (1976). Stad. Symp. 8: 57.
• Shepherd, R.J. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 57, 4 pp.
• Shepherd, R.J. and Fulton, R.W. (1962). Phytopathology 52: 489.
• Tremaine, J.H. and Hamilton, R.I. (1983). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 274, 6 pp.
• Veerisetty, V. and Sehgal, O.P. (1980). Phytopathology 70: 58.
• Wu, S., Rinehart, C.A. and Kaesberg, P. (1987). Virology 161: 73.
• Zaumeyer, W.J. and Harter, L.L. (1943). J. Agric. Res. 67: 305.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.