Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Bean rugose mosaic comovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by P.W.G. Chu, 1985. Revised 1989.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

virus del mosaico rugoso de frijol, virus ampollado del frijol, bean mosaico-em-desenho.

Acronym

BRMV

Strains

three strains that differ biologically but are serologically close. 1. Type strain (from Costa Rica and Guatemala). 2. Ampollado strain (VAF) severe strain. 3. BMDV strain.

ICTV decimal code

18.0.1.0.004

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Phaseolus vulgaris - severe mosaic, mottling, malformation of leaves and pods (type strain); or severe stunting and blistering of leaves (Ampollado strain); or symmetric mosaic patterns on leaves (BMDV strain).

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Ceratoma ruficornis, Diabrotica balteata, D. adelpha; Coleoptera. Transmitted in a semi-persistent manner. Virus does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed (in Phaseolus vulgaris).

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Gamez (1972, 1982); Fulton and Scott (1977); Fulton et al. (1981); Cupertino et al. (1982); Gamez and Moreno (1983).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Panama.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show severe systemic mosaics and malformation.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium amaranticolor - necrotic local lesions; not systemic.
• Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Plentiful - severe mosaic, rugosity, mottling and malformation of leaves and pods. Some cultivars develop necrotic local lesions, not systemic.
• Vicia faba - mild mottle.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Cucumis sativus, Phaseolus vulgaris cvs Kentucky Wonder, Potomac and Tendergreen, Vigna unguiculata cv. Early Ramshorn and Nicotiana tabacum cv. White Burley.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Phaseolus vulgaris cvs Plentiful, Col. 109-R, Mex. 27-R.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Phaseolus vulgaris cvs TCA-Pijao, Top Crop, Pinto III, Jamapa (L).

Susceptible host species

• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Phaseolus vulgaris (cvs Plentiful, Col. 109-R, Mex. 27-R, TCA-Pijao, Top Crop, Pinto III, Jamapa)
• Vicia faba

Insusceptible host species

• Chenopodium album
• Cucumis sativus
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris (cvs Kentucky Wonder, Potomac, Tendergreen)
• Physalis floridana
• Raphanus sativus
• Vigna unguiculata (cv. Early Ramshorn)
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (1/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (2/3)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (1/2)
• Compositae (1/1)
• Cruciferae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (2/3)
• Solanaceae (3/3)

Comments on host-range

Host differences alone do not distinguish this virus from closely related comoviruses such as bean pod mottle and cowpea mosaic viruses.

Sources of host-range data

Gamez (1972, 1982).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 65-75 °C. LIV: 2-4 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 4-5. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Bancroft (1962); Gamez (1982); Van Kammen and de Jager (1978).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 25-30 nm in diameter; angular in profile.

Physical properties

Two sedimenting components in purified preparations, or three sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 113 S (B); of the other(s) 97 S (M), or 59 S (T). Density 1.45 g cm^-3 in CsCl (B), or 1.414 g cm^-3 in CsCl (M2), or 1.401 g cm^-3 in CsCl (M1), or 1.293 g cm^-3 in CsCl (T).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 36 % nucleic acid (B), or 29 % nucleic acid (M), or 0 % nucleic acid (T); 64 % protein (B), or 71 % protein (M), or 100 % protein (T); 0 % lipid. Also coat proteins contain polysaccharides.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 11.25 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part the larger 6.75 kb; the 2nd largest 4.5 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Ramirez et al. (1987). 5´ terminus of RNA has a VPg. Poly A region present; presumably on the 3´ end.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) three; M_r of the largest 41000. M_r of 2nd largest 23000. M_r of 3rd largest 21000. Method of preparation: Acosta et al. (1986); Ramirez et al. (1987). Virion proteins glycosylated.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in mesophyll, epidermis and trichomal cells; in cytoplasm and in cell vacuoles; and in the plasmodesmata. Virions tend to aggregate in areas rich in membranous vesicles and tubules and are sometimes surrounded by membranes. Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the cytoplasm and unusual in shape; and sometimes in dense amorphous material; they contain virions. Other cellular changes: collapsed cells with densely staining vacuoles, cytoplasm very vesiculated.

Taxonomy and relationships

Comovirus: Comoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Bean pod mottle, cowpea severe mosaic, and cowpea mosaic viruses.

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Quail pea mosaic virus.

Best tests for diagnosis

Host range does not distinguish the virus from bean pod mottle and cowpea mosaic viruses, serological tests are also required; Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Tendergreen and Vigna unguiculata cv. Early Ramshorn insusceptible to the virus but not to bean pod mottle and cowpea mosaic comovirus.

Comments and References

References

• Acosta, O., Alegria, A. and Lastra, R. (1986). Phytopathology 76: 1182.
• Bancroft, J.B. (1962). Virology 16: 419.
• Cupertino, F.P., Costa, A.S., Lin, M.T. and Kitajima, E.W. (1982). Fitopatol. Bras. 7: 269.
• Fulton, J.P. and Scott, H.A. (1977). Fitopatol. Bras. 2: 9.
• Fulton, J.P. and Scott, H.A. (1979). Phytopathology 69: 305.
• Fulton, J.P., Scott, H.A. and Gamez, R. (1981). In: Vectors of Plant Pathogens. pp. 115-132; eds K. Maramarosch and K.F. Harrison. Academic Press, New York.
• Galvez, G.E., Cardenas, M., Kitajima, E., Diaz, A.J. and Nieto, M.P. (1977). Turrialba 27: 343.
• Gamez, R. (1971). In: Inst. Interamericano Sci. Agric. 17th Reunion Ann., Panama, 2 pp.
• Gamez, R. (1972). Turrialba 22: 249.
• Gamez, R. (1982). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 246, 4 pp.
• Gamez, R. and Moreno, R.A. (1983). In: Plant Virus Epidemiology, pp. 103-113; eds R.T. Plumb and J.M. Thresh. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
• Lin, M.T., Gamez, R. and Kitajima, E.W. (1981). Fitopatol. Bras. 6: 293.
• Ramirez, P., Espinoza, A.M., Fuentes, A.L. and Leon, P. (1987). Phytopathology 77: 1317.
• Stace-Smith, R. (1981). In: Handbook of Plant Virus Infections and Comparative Diagnosis, pp. 171-195; ed. E. Kurstak. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
• Van Kammen, A. and de Jager, C.P. (1978). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 197, 6 pp.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.