Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Barley yellow streak mosaic virus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by N.L. Robertson, 1991.

Nomenclature

ICTV decimal code

79.0.P.DE.04

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms vary cyclically over a few weeks and vary seasonally. Symptoms light green to yellow dashes, streaks and stripes parallel to the mid-rib, producing mosaic pattern.
• Echinochloa crus-galli, Hordeum vulgare, Lolium persicum, Setaria viridis, Triticum aestivum - mosaic and banding.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; a mite; Petrobia latens; Tetranychidae. Not transmitted by Endria inimica, Macrosteles fascifrons, Balchutha neglecta, Psammotettix alienus, P. lividellus, Hebecephalus occidentalis, Dicraneura probicarneola, Amblysellus grex, Auridius auratus, Sorhoanus uhleri, Athysanella attenuata, A. acuticauda, A. occidentalis, Rhopalosiphum padi, R. maidis, Macrosiphum (Sitobion) avenae, Limothrips denticornis, Anapothrips obscurus brachypterus, Thrips tabaci, Frankliniella triici, F. fusca. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Robertson (1987); Robertson and Carroll (1988).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the North American region; Canada and the USA.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show mosaics.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium quinoa - few necrotic local lesions.
• Nicotiana benthamiana - chlorotic and necrotic local lesions and rings; new leaves show systemic symptoms of vein-chlorosis and yellow mosaics. Severely diseased plants were reduced in height and leaf size. Remission occurs on plants with faint chlorotic spots or mild mosaics.
• Echinochloa crus-galli, Hordeum vulgare, Lolium persicum, Setaria viridis, Triticum aestivum - mosaic of streaks and dashes, some banding; systemic.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Chenopodium amaranticolor, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana clevelandii, N. debneyi, N. glutinosa.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Hordeum vulgare, Nicotiana benthamiana.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium quinoa (L), Hordeum vulgare (W), Nicotiana benthamiana (W).

Susceptible host species

• Chenopodium quinoa
• Echinochloa crus-galli
• Hordeum vulgare
• Lolium persicum
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Setaria viridis
• Triticum aestivum

Insusceptible host species

• Avena sativa
• Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis
• Capsicum annuum
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Cucumis melo
• Cucumis sativus
• Datura stramonium
• Daucus carota
• Elytrigia repens
• Gomphrena globosa
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana sylvestris
• Nicotiana × edwardsonii
• Petunia × hybrida
• Physalis floridana

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (1/2)
• Gramineae (5/7)
• Solanaceae (1/12)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (1/2)
• Cruciferae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/2)
• Gramineae (2/7)
• Solanaceae (11/12)
• Umbelliferae (1/1)

Comments on host-range

Susceptible monocotyledons are only infected by the mite vector, not by sap inoculation, whereas the reverse is true for Nicotiana benthamiana.

Sources of host-range data

Robertson and Carroll (1988; 1991.

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

Leaf sap contains few virions, or contains many virions. Electron microscopy: aldehyde fixation helps to keep virions intact.

Purification method

Robertson and Carroll (1991).

Particle morphology

Virions unusually shaped; enveloped; usually flexuous; with no clear modal length; of 127-4000 nm; 52-81 nm wide. Basic helix obscure.

Biochemical properties

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 10 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 10 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Robertson and Carroll (1991). Infectivity lost when deproteinised with phenol or detergent.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) two (at least); M_r of the larger 100. M_r of 2nd largest 32. Method of preparation: Robertson and Carroll (1991).

Replication

Genome replicates in cytoplasm.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, roots, mesophyll, epidermis, vascular parenchyma, xylem, phloem, companion cells and all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the cytoplasm.

Taxonomy and relationships

(ungrouped)

Best tests for diagnosis

Electron microscopy of leaf dips; infected leaf sap mechanically inoculated to Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings.

Comments and References

References

• Robertson, N.L. (1987). Ph.D. Thesis, Montana State University, U.S.A.
• Robertson, N.L. and Carroll, T.W. (1988). Science 240: 1188.
• Robertson, N.L. and Carroll, T.W. (1989). J. Ultrastruct. and Mol. Struct. Res. 102: 139.
• Robertson, N.L. and Carroll, T.W. (1991). Plant Dis. 75:: 839.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.