Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Barley yellow mosaic bymovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by M.J. Adams, 1991.

Nomenclature

Acronym

BaYMV

Strains

six reported from Japan (Kashiwazaki et al.. 1989a); the M and Streatley strains in Europe are now recognised as strains of barley mild mosaic bymovirus. Two strains reported from Germany (Huth, 1989a) and elsewhere in Europe.

ICTV decimal code

57.0.3.0.003

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms vary seasonally. Symptoms yellow streaks especially on youngest leaves in winter or spring.
• Hordeum vulgare - yellow streaking, especially of younger leaves and sometimes of leaf sheath, also brown necrotic patches. Leaves may roll so the plants appear `spiky'. Vigour reduced.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; a fungus; Polymyxa graminis; Plasmodiophorales. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Huth (1989b); Usugi (1988).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the Eastern Asian region and the Eurasian region; Belgium, China, France, Germany, Greece, Japan, and the UK.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show yellow leaf streaking.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Hordeum vulgare - systemic leaf streaking.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Avena sativa, Oryza sativa, Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Hordeum vulgare.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Hordeum vulgare (W).

Susceptible host species

• Hordeum vulgare

Insusceptible host species

• Avena sativa
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Lolium multiflorum
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Oryza sativa
• Secale cereale
• Triticum aestivum
• Zea mays

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Gramineae (1/7)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (2/2)
• Gramineae (6/7)
• Solanaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Miyamoto (1958); Ruan and Jin (1983).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

DEP: log₁₀ minus 2. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Huth et al. (1984); Pröls et al. (1990).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with clear modal lengths (two); of 270-290 nm, or 570-600 nm; 12-15 nm wide. Axial canal obscure. Basic helix obscure.

Physical properties

Density 1.32 g cm^-3 in CsCl. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.14.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5 % nucleic acid; 95 % protein.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 11.217 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part the larger 7.632 kb; the 2nd largest 3.585 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Kashiwazaki et al. (1989b). Base composition 22.1 % G; 27.4 % A; 24 % C; 26.5 % U. Poly A region present; at the 3´ terminus of both RNAs. Additional factor not required for infectivity. Nucleotide sequence references: Kashiwazaki et al. (1990); Kashiwazaki et al. (1991); Davidson et al. (1991).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D00544 Em(40)_vi:BYMCP Gb(84)_vi:BYMCP Barley yellow mosaic virus capsid protein gene, 3´ end. 8/92 1,370bp.
• D01091 Em(40)_vi:BYMR1P Gb(84)_vi:BYMR1P Barley yellow mosaic virus RNA 1 encoding polyprotein. 8/92 7,632bp.
• D01092 Em(40)_vi:BYMR2P Gb(84)_vi:BYMR2P Barley yellow mosaic virus RNA 2 encoding polyprotein. 8/92 3,585bp.
• D01099 Em(40)_vi:BYMGR2P Gb(84)_vi:BYMGR2P Barley yellow mosaic virus RNA 2 encoding polyprotein. 1/94 3,585bp.
• X69757 Em(40)_vi:BAYMVRNA1 Gb(84)_vi:BAYMVRNA1 Barley yellow mosaic virus RNA for polyprotein RNA1. 1/93 7,648bp.
• X69836 Em(40)_vi:BYMV270KD Gb(84)_vi:BYMV270KD Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus-2 DNA for 70 kDa protein. 3/93 621bp.
• Z24677 Em(40)_vi:BYCOAPROA Gb(84)_vi:BYCOAPROA Barley yellow mosaic virus coat protein mRNA, complete CDS. 7/93 1,313bp. 7 sequences.

Features of the genome

Features of the genome:
RNA 1: single ORF encoding a 270 kDa protein which is processed to produce the capsid protein (c-terminal) and at least 3 non-structural proteins.
RNA 2: single ORF encoding a 98 kDa protein; function not yet determined.

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 32234. Method of preparation: Huth et al. (1984); Usugi et al. (1989). Amino acid sequence: Kashiwazaki et al. (1989b).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, roots, mesophyll, epidermis, vascular parenchyma and companion cells; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are amorphous X-bodies, membranous bodies, and pinwheels; they do not contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Bymovirus: Potyviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Rice necrosis mosaic, oat mosaic, wheat yellow mosaic and wheat spindle streak mosaic viruses.

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Barley mild mosaic virus.

Best tests for diagnosis

Leaf streaking and unfurling distinguish this from barley yellow dwarf luteovirus. Serological tests required to distinguish it from barley mild mosaic bymovirus with which it is sometimes associated.

Comments and References

References

• Davidson, A.D., Pröls, M., Schell, J. and Steinbiss, H.-H. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 989.
• Huth, W. (1988). In: Viruses with Fungal Vectors, p. 61; eds J.I. Cooper and M.J.C. Asher, Association of Applied Biologists.
• Huth, W. (1989a). Nach. dtsch. PflSchutz. 41: 6.
• Huth, W. (1989b). EPPO Bulletin 19: 547.
• Huth, W. and Adams, M.J. (1990). Intervirology 31: 38.
• Huth, W., Lesemann, D.-E. and Paul, H.L. (1984). Phytopath. Z. 111: 37.
• Ikata, S. and Kawai, I. (1940). Noji Kairyo Shiryo 154: 1.
• Inouye, T. (1964). Nogaku Kenkyu 50: 117.
• Kashiwazaki, S., Ogawa, K., Usugi, T., Omura, T. and Tsuchizaki, T. (1989a). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 55: 16.
• Kashiwazaki, S., Hayano, Y., Minobe, Y., Omura, T., Hibino, H. and Tsuchizaki, T. (1989b). J. gen. Virol. 70: 3015.
• Kashiwazaki, S., Minobe, Y., Omura, T. and Hibino, H. (1990). J. gen. Virol. 71: 2781.
• Kashiwazaki, S., Minobe, Y. and Hibino, H. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 995.
• Miyamoto, Y. (1958). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 23: 199.
• Pröls, M., Davidson, A., Schell, J. and Steinbiss, H.-H. (1990). J. Phytopath. 130: 249.
• Ruan, Y. and Jin, D. (1983). Acta phytopath. Sin. 13: 49.
• Usugi, T. (1988). In: Viruses with Fungal Vectors, p. 213; eds J.I. Cooper and M.J.C. Asher, Association of Applied Biologists.
• Usugi, T., Kashiwazaki, S., Omura, T. and Tsuchizaki, T. (1989). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 55: 26.

Illustrations

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.