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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Barley mild mosaic bymovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by M.J. Adams, 1990.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

barley yellow mosaic virus mechanically transmissible strain, BaYMV - Streatley strain.

Acronym

BaMMV

Strains

two serotypes have been reported from Japan.

ICTV decimal code

57.0.3.0.002

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms vary seasonally (in winter or early spring only). Symptoms yellow streaks, brown necrosis.
• Hordeum vulgare - yellow streaks, especially in younger leaves and sometimes in leaf sheath, also brown necrotic patches. Leaves may roll making the plant look `spiky'.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; a fungus; Polymyxa graminis (Mastigomycotina); Plasmodiophorales. Principal natural vector(s): Polymyxa graminis. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Huth (1989).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, and the UK.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show yellow streaks.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Hordeum vulgare, Lagurus ovatus, Eremopyrum hirsutum, Aegilops kotschyi, A. searsii, A. speltoides - systemic leaf streaking.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Avena sativa, Oryza sativa, Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Hordeum vulgare (but some cultivars are immune).

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Hordeum vulgare (W).

Susceptible host species

• Aegilops kotschyi
• Aegilops searsii
• Aegilops speltoides
• Eremopyrum hirsutum
• Hordeum vulgare
• Lagurus ovatus

Insusceptible host species

• Agrostis tenuis
• Anthoxanthum odoratum
• Avena sativa
• Bromus inermis
• Bromus mollis
• Dactylis glomerata
• Echinochloa crus-galli
• Elymus junceus
• Elytrigia repens
• Festuca pratensis
• Lolium multiflorum
• Lolium perenne
• Lolium temulentum
• Oryza sativa
• Panicum maximum
• Phalaris arundinacea
• Poa pratensis
• Secale cereale
• Setaria viridis
• Triticum aestivum
• Zea mays

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Gramineae (6/27)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Gramineae (21/27)

Sources of host-range data

Proeseler (1988).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

DEP: log₁₀ minus 4. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Huth et al. (1984); Adams et al. (1987); Pröls et al. (1990).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; slightly usually flexuous; with clear modal lengths (two); of 270-290 nm, or 570-600 nm; 12 nm wide (PTA), or 15 nm wide (UA). Axial canal obscure. Basic helix obscure.

Physical properties

Density 1.314 g cm^-3 in CsCl.

Biochemical properties

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size c. 12 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part the larger 8 kb (approximately); the 2nd largest c. 4 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Batista et al. (1989). Infectivity retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region present; found at the 3´ end of both genome segments. Additional factor not required for infectivity.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D10947 Em(40)_vi:BMMNA1 Gb(84)_vi:BMMNA1 Barley mild mosaic virus RNA 1, polyprotein precursor, partial sequence. 1/93 3,464bp.
• D10949 Em(40)_vi:BMMKA1 Gb(84)_vi:BMMKA1 Barley mild mosaic virus RNA 1, polyprotein precursor, partial sequence. 1/93 3,946bp.
• X69204 Em(40)_vi:BMPOLYPRO Gb(84)_vi:BMPOLYPRO Barley Mild Mosaic Virus sequence for polyprotein, 3´ terminus. 11/92 2,095bp
• X74095 Em(40)_vi:BAMMVRNA1 Gb(84)_vi:BAMMVRNA1 Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) RNA-1 (3´ region) ORF for coat protein. 8/93 1,476bp
• X75933 Em(43)_vi:Bammvrna2 Gb(89)_vi:Bammvrna2 Barley mild mosaic virus complete sequence of RNA2. 11/94 3,524bp.
• X82625 Em(43)_vi:Bmmvp1p2 Gb(89)_vi:Bmmvp1p2 Barley mild mosaic virus mRNA for RNA2 polyprotein. 4/95 2,428bp.
• X84802 Em(44)n:Bmmvrna2a Barley mild mosaic virus RNA 2 complete sequence. 7/95 2,428bp.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 35000. Method of preparation: Huth et al. (1984); Ehlers and Paul (1986).

Virus-coded non-virion proteins isolated (Ehlers (1987)); one protein found. M_r 72000; possibly pinwheel inclusion protein.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, roots, mesophyll, epidermis, vascular parenchyma and the companion cells; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are membranous bodies and pinwheels; they do not contain virions (but virions may be attached to pinwheels).

Taxonomy and relationships

Bymovirus: Potyviridae

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Barley yellow mosaic, wheat spindle streak mosaic (syn. wheat yellow mosaic) and oat mosaic viruses.

Additional comments on relationships

The virus was reported to have virions serologically related to those of bean yellow mosaic potyvirus and those of one isolate of turnip mosaic potyvirus (Stanarius et al., 1989) but was not confirmed by Chen and Adams (1991).

Best tests for diagnosis

Longitudinal streaks on unfurling leaves in winter or early spring distinguish this from barley yellow dwarf luteovirus. Serological tests or sequencing are necessary to distinguish it from barley yellow mosaic bymovirus.

Comments and References

References

• Adams, M.J. (1991). Pl. Path. 40: 53.
• Adams, M.J., Jones, P. and Swaby, A.G. (1987). Ann. appl. Biol. 110: 321.
• Batista, M.F., Antoniw, J.F., Swaby, A.G., Jones, P. and Adams, M.J. (1989). Pl. Path. 38: 226.
• Chen, J. and Adams, M.J. (1991). Pl. Path. 40: 226.
• Ehlers, V. (1987). Ph.D. Thesis, Technischen Universitat Carlo-Wilhelmina, Braunschweig, Germany.
• Huth, W. (1988). In: Viruses with Fungal Vectors, p. 61; eds J.I. Cooper and M.J.C. Asher. Association of Applied Biologists, Wellesbourne, U.K.
• Huth, W. (1989). EPPO Bulletin 19: 547.
• Huth, W. and Adams, M.J. (1990). Intervirology 31: 38.
• Huth, W., Lesemann, D.-E. and Paul, H.L. (1984). Phytopath. Z. 111: 37.
• Proeseler, G. (1988). Arch. Phytopath. Pflanzen. 24: 267.
• Pröls, M., Davidson, A., Schell, J. and Steinbiss, H.-H. (1990). J. Phytopath. 130: 249.
• Stanarius, A., Proeseler, G. and Richter, J. (1989). Arch. Phytopath. Pflanzen. 25: 303.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.