Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Artichoke latent potyvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by D. Gallitelli, 1991.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

artichoke Californian latent virus, probably artichoke potyvirus (Schwarz, 1977).

Acronym

ArLV

ICTV decimal code

57.0.1.0.005

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist, vary seasonally, and none. Symptoms stunting and yellow flecking of plants.
• Cynara scolymus, C. cardunculus - latent. May cause symptoms in mixed infections (Rana et al., 1982).
• Petunia × hybrida - systemic mosaic, stunting.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Myzus persicae, Aphis fabae, Brachycaudus cardui; Aphididae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by seed.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the Eurasian region, the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, the North American region, and the Pacific region; Albania, Algeria, Australia (Victoria), Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Malta, Morocco, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, the USA (California).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show systemic mottling, mosaic, necrosis.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Gomphrena globosa - red-ring local lesions.
• Datura stramonium - systemic mottle.
• Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor - necrotic local lesions.
• Nicotiana benthamiana, N. clevelandii - severe systemic mosaic.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, Beta vulgaris, Capsicum annuum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Pisum sativum.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Nicotiana benthamiana, N. clevelandii.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium quinoa (L), C. amaranticolor (L), Gomphrena globosa (L), Nicotiana benthamiana (W), N. clevelandii (W).

Susceptible host species

• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium ambrosioides
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cynara cardunculus
• Cynara scolymus
• Datura stramonium
• Gomphrena globosa
• Helianthus annuus
• Lens culinaris
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana bigelovii
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris

Insusceptible host species

• Beta vulgaris
• Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis
• Brassica campestris ssp. napus
• Brassica campestris ssp. rapa
• Capsicum annuum
• Cucumis sativus
• Daucus carota
• Lactuca sativa
• Lupinus albus
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Pisum sativum
• Solanum melongena
• Tropaeolum majus
• Vigna unguiculata
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (5/6)
• Compositae (3/5)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (2/5)
• Solanaceae (5/8)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (1/6)
• Compositae (2/5)
• Cruciferae (3/3)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (3/5)
• Solanaceae (3/8)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/1)
• Umbelliferae (1/1)

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 60-70 °C. LIV: 3 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 4-5. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Thompson et al. (1988).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 725-746 nm; 12 nm wide. Axial canal obscure. Basic helix obscure.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 145 S. Density 1.31 g cm^-3 in CsCl. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.2.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 6 % nucleic acid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 9 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 9 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Gallitelli: phenol-SDS. 5´ terminus of RNA has possible a VPg. Infectivity lost when deproteinised with proteases; retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region present. Additional factor not required for infectivity.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 33000; coat protein. Method of preparation: Laemmli (1970).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, mesophyll, epidermis, meristems, vascular parenchyma and companion cells; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are pinwheels.

Taxonomy and relationships

Potyvirus: Potyviridae

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Bean common mosaic, bean yellow mosaic, beet mosaic, clover yellow vein, dasheen mosaic, lettuce mosaic, papaya ringspot, potato Y, soybean mosaic, turnip mosaic, watermelon mosaic 2 and zucchini yellow fleck viruses.

Best tests for diagnosis

Serology (ISEM), molecular probes and cytopathology.

Comments and References

General comments

This virus is frequently found in mixed infections with other viruses with filamentous virions.

References

• Costa, A.S., Duffus, J.E., Morton, D.J., Yarwood, C.E. and Bardin, R. (1959). Phytopathology 49: 49.
• Laemmli, U.K. (1970). Nature, Lond. 227: 680.
• Rana, G.L., Russo, M., Gallitelli, D. and Martelli, G.P. (1982). Ann. appl. Biol. 101: 279.
• Schwarz (1977). B.Sc. Thesis, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
• Thompson, S., Frazier, S.S. and Barnden, K.L. (1988). J. virol. Meth. 20: 57.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.