Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Artichoke Italian latent nepovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by C. Büchen-Osmond and D. Gallitelli, 1987.

Nomenclature

Acronym

AILV

ICTV decimal code

18.0.3.0.004

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

• Cynara scolymus - usually latent, plants stunted and yellow.
• Cichorium intybus - chlorotic mottle and bright yellow spots.
• Pelargonium zonale - severely malformed leaves, plant stunted.
• Vitis vinifera - fanleaf-like symptoms, stunted.
• Gladiolus sp., Sonchus arvensis - yellow rings and line pattern.
• Crepis neglecta, Helminthia echioides, Hypochoeris aetensis, Lactuca virosa, Urospermum dalechampii, Lamium amplexicaule, Sonchus spp. - symptomless.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; a nematode; Longidorus apulus (Lamberti and Bleve Zacheo, 1977); Dorylamidae. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Vovlas and Roca (1975); Roca et al. (1975).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the Eurasian region; Bulgaria and Italy.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show ring local lesions, then systemic mosaic, ringspots, recovery.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Phaseolus vulgaris cv. La Victoire - chlorotic and necrotic local lesions; tip necrosis or mottle; then recovery.
• Gomphrena globosa - pale necrotic, ring local lesions; sometimes tip necrosis.
• Cucumis sativus - chlorotic/necrotic local lesions; severe systemic mosaic, and necrosis.
• Nicotiana tabacum cv. White Burley - necrotic ring local lesions; systemic ringspots and line patterns.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Cucurbita pepo, Chenopodium quinoa, Phaseolus vulgaris.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Phaseolus vulgaris cv. La Victoire (L); Gomphrena globosa (L).

Susceptible host species

• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cichorium intybus
• Crepis neglecta
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Cynara scolymus
• Gladiolus
• Gomphrena globosa
• Helminthia echioides
• Hypochoeris aetensis
• Lactuca virosa
• Lamium amplexicaule
• Nicotiana tabacum (cv. White Burley)
• Pelargonium zonale
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Sonchus
• Sonchus arvensis
• Urospermum dalechampii
• Vitis vinifera

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (1/1)
• Compositae (9/9)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/2)
• Geraniaceae (1/1)
• Iridaceae (1/1)
• Labiatae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (1/1)
• Vitidaceae (1 /1)

Sources of host-range data

Martelli and Rana (1975); Vovlas et al. (1971); Vovlas and Roca (1975); Vovlas (1974); Jankulova et al. (1976); Savino et al. (1977); Quacquarelli et al. (1976a); Majorana and Rana (1970).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 55-60 °C. LIV: 3-14 days (at 4ºC). DEP: log₁₀ minus 2-5.

Purification method

Dunn and Hitchborn (1965); Jankulova et al. (1976); Savino et al. (1977).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 30 nm in diameter.

Physical properties

Three sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 121 S (B); of the other(s) 96 S (M), or 55 S (T).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 41 % nucleic acid (B), or 34 % nucleic acid (M), or 0 % nucleic acid (T); 59 % protein (B), or 66 % protein (M), or 100 % protein (T).

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 12.5 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part the larger 7.75 kb (RNA-1; present in B virions); the 2nd largest 4.75 kb (RNA-2; present in M virions). Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Jankulova et al. (1976); Quacquarelli et al. (1976b); Savino et al. (1977); Diener and Schneider (1968). Base composition 24 % G; 26 % A; 19 % C; 31 % U.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 54000; coat protein. Method of preparation: Jankulova et al. (1976); Savino et al. (1977).

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, roots and parenchyma; in cell vacuoles. Inclusions absent from infected cells. Other cellular changes: rows of membraneous tubules in parenchyma cells (Vovlas et al., 1971).

Taxonomy and relationships

Nepovirus: Comoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Grapevine fanleaf, arabis mosaic, tomato black ring, tobacco ringspot, tomato ringspot, peach rosette mosaic, raspberry ringspot, strawberry latent ringspot, grapevine chrome mosaic, cacao necrosis, cherry leaf roll, grapevine Bulgarian latent and myrobalan latent ringspot viruses (Vovlas et al., 1971; Savino et al., 1977).

Additional comments on relationships

The physico-chemical characters and hydrodynamic behaviour of the virions have been used to assign it to a subgroup containing tomato black ring and related viruses (Martelli, 1975; Quacquarelli et al. 1967b).

Comments and References

References

• Diener, T.O. and Schneider, I.R. (1968). Arch. Biochim. Biophys. 124: 401.
• Dunn, D.B. and Hitchborn, J.H. (1965). Virology 25: 171.
• Jankulova, M., Savino, V., Gallitelli, D., Quacquarelli, A. and Martelli, G.P. (1976). Abstr. Proc. 6th Conf. Int. Counc. Grapevine Viruses, Cordova 1976, p.24.
• Lamberti, F. and Bleve Zacheo (1977). Nematol. Medit. 5: 73.
• Majorana, G. and Rana, G.L. (1970). Phytopath. Medit. 9: 193.
• Martelli, G.P. (1975). In: Nematode Vectors of Plant Viruses, p. 223; eds F. Lamberti, C.E. Taylor and J.W. Seinhorst. Plenum Press, New York.
• Martelli, G.P., Rana, G.L. and Savino, V. (1977). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 176, 4 pp.
• Quacquarelli, A., Rana, G.L. and Martelli, G.P. (1976). Poljopr. znanst. Smotra 39: 561.
• Quacquarelli, A., Gallitelli, D., Savino, V., Piazzolla, P. and Martelli, G.P. (1976b). Abstr. Proc. 6th Conf. Int. Counc. Grapevine Viruses, Cordova 1976, p.10.
• Rana, G.L. and Roca, F. (1975). Atti. 2nd Congr. Int. Carciofo, Bari 1973, p.855.
• Roca, F., Martelli, G.P., Lamberti, F. and Rana, G.L. (1975). Nematol. Medit. 3: 91.
• Savino, V., Gallitelli, D., Jankulova, M. and Rana, G.L. (1977). Phytopathol. Medit. 16: 41.
• Vovlas, C. (1974). Phytopathol. Medit. 13: 139.
• Vovlas, C. and Roca, F. (1975). Nematol. Medit. 4: 23.
• Vovlas, C., Martelli, G.P. and Quacquarelli, A. (1971). Phytopathol. Medit. 10: 244.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.