Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Arracacha B (?) nepovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by R.A.C. Jones, 1984. Revised 1989.

Nomenclature

Acronym

AVB

Strains

Type strain (T), Oca strain (O).

ICTV decimal code

18.0.3.T.001

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms none.
• Arracacia xanthorrhiza, Oxalis tuberosa, Solanum tuberosum - symptomless.

Transmission

Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; transmitted by seed (5% of strain T in Chenopodium quinoa; 12% strain O in Solanum tuberosum); transmitted by pollen to the seed (in Solanum tuberosum; Jones, 1982).

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Jones (1981a, b; 1982) indicate that the virus is disseminated in vegetative propagules (in root pieces of arracacha).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the South and Central American region (where arracacha, oca and potato are grown; Jones and Kenten, 1983; Atkey and Brunt, 1982); Bolivia and Peru.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show vein clearing then systemic mosaics, mottles, ringspots or necrosis and may recover.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium amaranticolor - local lesions; systemic mosaic or mottle and may recover.
• C. murale - systemic necrosis.
• Cucumis sativus - systemic mosaic then recovery.
• Tetragonia tetragonioides - systemic mosaic or mottle.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Capsicum annuum, Datura metel, Hyoscyamus niger.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Chenopodium quinoa, Tetragonia tetragonioides.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L,W), C. murale (W).

Susceptible host species

• Amaranthus caudatus
• Anthriscus cerefolium
• Arracacia xanthorrhiza
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium foetidum
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Coriandrum sativum
• Cucumis sativus
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Datura stramonium
• Gomphrena globosa
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Montia perfoliata
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana bigelovii
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana occidentalis
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Oxalis tuberosa
• Petroselinum crispum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Physalis floridana
• Physalis peruviana
• Solanum chacoense
• Solanum tuberosum
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis

Insusceptible host species

• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis
• Brassica campestris ssp. rapa
• Brassica oleracea var. capitata (Cv. Golden Acre)
• Capsicum annuum
• Datura metel
• Hyoscyamus niger
• Ipomoea setosa
• Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum tuberosum

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (2/2)
• Chenopodiaceae (4/4)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (4/5)
• Oxalidaceae (1/1)
• Portulacaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (15/20)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)
• Umbelliferae (4 /4)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Convolvulaceae (1/1)
• Cruciferae (3/3)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/5)
• Solanaceae (6/20)

Sources of host-range data

Kenten and Jones (1979); Jones and Kenten (1981).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 65-70 °C. LIV: 12-19 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 3-5.

Purification method

Kenten and Jones (1979).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 26 nm in diameter; angular in profile.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 126 S. Density 1.481 and 1.492 g cm^-3 in CsCl (for strain T; and 1.484 and 1.495 g cm^-3 for strain O).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 40-41 % nucleic acid; 59-60 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) two (in ratio 3:1, larger:smaller); M_r of the larger 26000. M_r of 2nd largest 20000 (strain T), or 22000 (strain O). Method of preparation: Kenten and Jones (1979).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Taxonomy and relationships

Possible Nepovirus: Comoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Strains T and O are serologically distantly related (SDI 6-7), and induce distinct symptoms in most indicator hosts (Jones and Kenten, 1981).

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Andean potato latent, Andean potato mottle, arracacha A, carnation Italian ringspot, carnation mottle, carnation ringspot, cherry rasp leaf, cymbidium ringspot, narcissus tip necrosis, pelargonium flower break, pelargonium leaf curl, pelargonium ringspot, pelargonium ring pattern, red clover necrotic mosaic, saguaro cactus, southern bean mosaic, sowbane mosaic, tomato bushy stunt, turnip crinkle, turnip rosette and turnip yellow mosaic viruses.

Best tests for diagnosis

See Jones and Kenten (1983). Chenopodium murale is the best diagnostic host.

Comments and References

References

• Atkey, P.T. and Brunt, A.A. (1982). Phytopath. Z. 103: 294.
• Jones, R.A.C. (1981). Plant Dis. 65: 753.
• Jones, R.A.C. (1981b). In: Pests, Pathogens and Vegetation, p. 89; ed. J.M. Thresh. Pitman, London.
• Jones, R.A.C. (1982). Ann. appl. Biol. 100: 315.
• Jones, R.A.C. and Kenten, R.H. (1978). Ann. appl. Biol. 90: 85.
• Jones, R.A.C. and Kenten, R.H. (1981). Phytopath. Z. 100: 88.
• Jones, R.A.C. and Kenten, R.H. (1983). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 270, 4 pp.
• Kenten, R.H. and Jones, R.A.C. (1979). Ann. appl. Biol. 93: 31.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.