Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Arracacha A nepovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by R.A.C. Jones, 1984. Revised 1989.

Nomenclature

Acronym

AVA

ICTV decimal code

18.0.3.0.003

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Arracacia xanthorrhiza - yellow mosaic.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector (probably); transmitted by vegetative propagation; a nematode (probably). Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between plants; transmitted by seed (readily in Nicotiana clevelandii).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the South and Central American region; Peru.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show local lesions, mosaics, mottling and may recover.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium murale, C. quinoa, Nicotiana clevelandii - local lesions or rings; systemic mosaics and mottling.
• Tetragonia tetragonioides - systemic mottling and necrosis.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, Capsicum annuum, Solanum melongena.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana clevelandii (best).

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium murale (L, W), C. quinoa (L, W).

Susceptible host species

• Amaranthus caudatus
• Anthriscus cerefolium
• Arracacia xanthorrhiza
• Beta vulgaris
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis
• Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cv. Greyhound)
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium foliosum
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Clitoria ternatea
• Coriandrum sativum
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Datura stramonium
• Gomphrena globosa
• Hyoscyamus niger
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Montia perfoliata
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana bigelovii
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana occidentalis
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Physalis floridana
• Physalis peruviana
• Sesamum indicum
• Solanum demissum
• Solanum tuberosum
• Tetragonia tetragonioides

Insusceptible host species

• Brassica campestris ssp. rapa
• Capsicum annuum
• Daucus carota
• Ocimum basilicum
• Petroselinum crispum
• Phaseolus acutifolius
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Solanum chacoense
• Solanum melongena
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (2/2)
• Chenopodiaceae (5/5)
• Cruciferae (2/3)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (2/6)
• Pedaliaceae (1/1)
• Portulacaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (15/18)
• Tetragoniaceae (1 /1)
• Umbelliferae (3/5)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Compositae (1/1)
• Cruciferae (1/3)
• Labiatae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (4/6)
• Solanaceae (3/18)
• Umbelliferae (2/5)

Sources of host-range data

Jones and Kenten (1978).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 65-70 °C. LIV: 15 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 5.

Purification method

Jones and Kenten (1978).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; 26 nm in diameter; angular in profile.

Physical properties

Three sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 125 S (B); of the other(s) 92 S (M), or 50 S (T). Density 1.32 g cm^-3 in CsCl (T), or 1.45 g cm^-3 in CsCl (M), or 1.52 g cm^-3 in CsCl (B). A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 0.65 (T), or 1.5 (M), or 1.85 (B).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 43.5 % nucleic acid (B), or 32.5 % nucleic acid (M), or 0 % nucleic acid (T); 56.5 % protein (B), or 67.5 % protein (M), or 100 % protein (T); 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded. Total genome size 12.5 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part the larger 8 kb; the 2nd largest 4.5 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Jones and Kenten (1980).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 53000. Method of preparation: Jones and Kenten (1978).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Taxonomy and relationships

Nepovirus: Comoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Potato black ringspot, arabis mosaic, artichoke Italian latent, cherry leaf roll, cacao necrosis, grapevine Bulgarian latent, grapevine chrome mosaic, grapevine fan leaf, mulberry ringspot, myrobalan latent ringspot, potato U, peach rosette mosaic, raspberry ringspot, strawberry latent ringspot, tobacco ringspot, tomato black ring (Scottish and English strains) and tomato ringspot viruses (Jones and Kenten, 1978, 1980; Jones et al., 1982).

Best tests for diagnosis

Arracacha A and B viruses are readily distinguishable by serology and by inoculation to Chenopodium quinoa, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Nicotiana clevelandii and Vigna unguiculata.

Comments and References

References

• Jones, R.A.C. and Kenten, R.H. (1978). Ann. appl. Biol. 90: 85.
• Jones, R.A.C. and Kenten, R.H. (1980). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 216, 4 pp.
• Jones, R.A.C., Fribourg, C.E. and Koenig, R. (1983). Phytopathology 73: 195.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.