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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Arabis mosaic nepovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by A.F. Murant, 1984. Revised 1985.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

ash ring and line pattern virus (Lana and Agrios, 1973), raspberry yellow dwarf virus (Cadman, 1960; Harrison, 1958), Rhabarber-Mosaik-Virus, rhubarb mosaic virus, forsythia yellow net virus, probably jasmine yellow blotch virus (Cooper and Sweet, 1976).

Acronym

ArMV

Strains

hop nettlehead virus, isolates from hop are serologically identical to type strain, but differ in host range and symptoms.

ICTV decimal code

18.0.3.0.002

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms disappear soon after infection (but plants may remain stunted).
• Anagallis arvensis, Apium graveolens var. dulce, Arabis hirsuta, Arabis sp., Armoracia rusticana, Asparagus officinalis, Astilbe sp., Bellis perennis, Beta vulgaris, Buxus sempervirens, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Carum segetum, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Cyphomandra betacea, Daphne mezereum, Daucus carota, Delphinium sp., Dianthus caryophyllus, Euonymus europaeus, Forsythia × intermedia, Fragaria vesca, Fraxinus excelsior, Humulus lupulus, Jasminum officinale, Lactuca sativa, Lamium amplexicaule, Ligustrum vulgare, Melilotus officinalis, Mentha arvensis, Narcissus sp., Phaseolus coccineus, Plantago lanceolata, Polygonum aviculare, P. persicaria, Prunus avium, P. domestica, P. persica, Ranunculus repens, Rheum rhaponticum, Ribes sp., Rosa spp., Rubus idaeus, R. procerus, Sambucus nigra, Senecio vulgaris, Solanum nigrum, Stellaria media, Syringa vulgaris, Taraxacum officinale, Trifolium repens, Tulipa spp., Urtica dioica, U. urens, Vitis vinifera - mosaics, mottling and chlorotic ringspots and sometimes necrosis.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; a nematode; Xiphinema bakeri, X. coxi, X. diversicaudatum; Dorylamidae. Principal natural vector(s): Xiphinema diversicaudatum. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; transmitted by seed (in 20 species of 14 families; up to 100% infection; Murant, 1983).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the African region, the Eastern Asian region, the Eurasian region, the North American region, and the Pacific region; Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, the former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Romania, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the UK, the former USSR, the former Yugoslavia. Found, but with no evidence of spread, in North America and Australia.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show necrotic or chlorotic local lesions and mosaics, ringspots or mottles. Plants may recover.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa - local lesions; systemic chlorotic mottling. Cucumis sativus - local lesions, systemic chlorosis. Nicotiana tabacum cv. White Burley - local lesions; systemic chlorotic spots, rings and lines. Petunia × hybrida - local lesions or necrotic rings; systemic chlorotic rings or lines.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Nicotiana clevelandii, Petunia × hybrida.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), Cucumis sativus (W) for use in nematode transmission tests as a bait plant.

Susceptible host species

• Anagallis arvensis
• Antirrhinum majus
• Apium graveolens
• Apium graveolens var. dulce
• Arabis hirsuta
• Armoracia rusticana
• Asparagus officinalis
• Astilbe
• Bellis perennis
• Beta vulgaris
• Brassica campestris
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis
• Brassica campestris ssp. rapa
• Brassica juncea
• Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
• Buxus sempervirens
• Calendula officinalis
• Capsella bursa-pastoris
• Carum segetum
• Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium foetidum
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis melo
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Cyphomandra betacea
• Daphne mezereum
• Datura stramonium
• Daucus carota
• Delphinium hybridum
• Dianthus barbatus
• Dianthus caryophyllus
• Emilia sagittata
• Euonymus europaeus
• Fagopyrum esculentum
• Forsythia × intermedia
• Fragaria vesca
• Fraxinus excelsior
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Humulus lupulus
• Jasminum officinale
• Lactuca sativa
• Lamium amplexicaule
• Lathyrus odoratus
• Ligustrum vulgare
• Lobelia erinus
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Melilotus officinalis
• Mentha arvensis
• Myosotis sylvatica
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana sylvestris
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Ocimum basilicum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus coccineus
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Phlox drummondii
• Physalis floridana
• Pisum sativum
• Plantago lanceolata
• Polygonum aviculare
• Polygonum persicaria
• Prunus avium
• Prunus domestica
• Prunus persica
• Ranunculus repens
• Rheum rhaponticum
• Ribes
• Rosa
• Rubus idaeus
• Rubus procerus
• Sambucus nigra
• Senecio vulgaris
• Solanum nigrum
• Solanum tuberosum
• Spinacia oleracea
• Stellaria media
• Syringa vulgaris
• Taraxacum officinale
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Torenia fournieri
• Trifolium repens
• Tropaeolum majus
• Tulipa
• Urtica dioica
• Urtica urens
• Vicia faba
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vitis vinifera
• Zinnia elegans

Insusceptible host species

• Amaranthus caudatus
• Amaranthus retroflexus
• Celosia argentea
• Matthiola incana
• Solanum nodiflorum

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/4)
• Amaryllidaceae (1/1)
• Asparagaceae (1/1)
• Boraginaceae (1/1)
• Buxaceae (1/1)
• Campanulaceae (1/1)
• Cannabidaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (3/3)
• Celastraceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (7 /7)
• Compositae (7/7)
• Cruciferae (8/9)
• Cucurbitaceae (3/3)
• Cupressaceae (1/1)
• Grossulariaceae (1/1)
• Labiatae (3/3)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (10/10)
• Liliaceae (1/1)
• Oleaceae (5 /5)
• Plantaginaceae (1/1)
• Polemoniaceae (1/1)
• Polygonaceae (4/4)
• Primulaceae (1/1)
• Ranunculaceae (2/2)
• Rosaceae (7/7)
• Sambucaceae (1/1)
• Saxifragaceae (1/1)
• Scrophulariaceae (2 /2)
• Solanaceae (13/14)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)
• Thymelaeaceae (1/1)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/1)
• Umbelliferae (4/4)
• Urticaceae (2/2)
• Vitidaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (3/4)
• Cruciferae (1/9)
• Solanaceae (1/14)

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 55-61 °C. LIV: 7-14 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 3-5. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Harrison and Nixon (1960).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 25-27 nm in diameter (in negative stain); angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

Three sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 126 S (B); of the other(s) 93 S (M), or 53 S (T). Density 1.51 g cm^-3 in CsCl (B₂), or 1.5 g cm^-3 in CsCl (B₁), or 1.43 g cm^-3 in CsCl (M). A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.68 (B), or 1.5 (M), or 0.73 (T).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 46 % nucleic acid (B), or 22 % nucleic acid (M), or 0 % nucleic acid (T); 54 % protein (B), or 78 % protein (M), or 100 % protein (T); 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 13.1 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part the larger 9 kb; the 2nd largest 4.1 kb. Base composition 21.6 % G; 24.9 % A; 25.6 % C; 27.9 % U. Infectivity decreased when deproteinised with proteases; retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D10086 Em(40)_vi:AMVCP Gb(84)_vi:AMVCP Arabis mosaic virus RNA-2, 3´ terminal region. 5/92 2,406bp.
• X55460 Em(40)_vi:NEAMCOAT Gb(84)_vi:NEAMCOAT Arabis Mosaic virus gene (RNA) coding for coat protein. 1/91 1,515bp.
• X81814 Em(43)_vi:Amvrna2u Gb(89)_vi:Amvrna2u Arabis mosaic virus RNA for polyprotein P2-U. 3/95 3,852bp.
• X81815 Em(43)_vi:Amvrna2l Gb(89)_vi:Amvrna2l Arabis mosaic virus RNA for polyprotein P2-L. 3/95 3,711bp.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions; is satellite RNA (in some isolates only).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 54000.

Replication

Genome replicates in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in epidermis, phloem and all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm. Inclusions cytoplasmic present in infected cells; are amorphous X-bodies and unusual in shape; granular bodies and hollow spheroids or concentric spheres; they contain virions (aggregated). Other cellular changes: tubules containing virions aligned in rows and found in plasmodesmata (as in other nepovirus infections), but the spherical inclusions in the phloem are found only in arabis mosaic virus infections.

Taxonomy and relationships

Nepovirus: Comoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Grapevine fanleaf and dogwood mosaic viruses. Other nepoviruses are unrelated.

Comments and References

General comments

AMV is one of the viruses that causes lilac yellow ring symptoms (Novak, 1969).

References

• Abu-Salih, H.S., Murant, A.F. and Daft, M.J. (1968). J. gen. Virol. 3: 299.
• Brown, D.J.F. and Trudgill, D.L. (1983). Rev. de Némat. 6: 229.
• Cadman, C.H. (1960). Virology 11: 653.
• Clark, M.F. and Adams, A.N. (1977). J. gen. Virol. 34: 475.
• Cooper, J.I. and Sweet, J.B. (1976). Forestry 49: 73.
• Dodd, S.M. and Robinson, D.J. (1984). J. gen. Virol. 65: 1731.
• Harrison, B.D. (1958). Ann. appl. Biol. 46: 221.
• Harrison, B.D. and Nixon, H.L. (1960). Virology 12: 104.
• Jha, A. (1961). J. hort. Sci 36: 219.
• Lana, A.O. and Agrios, G.N. (1973). Phytopathology 63: 203.
• Murant, A.F. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 16, 4 pp.
• Murant, A.F. (1985). In: Virus Diseases of Small Fruits, ed. R.H. Converse. U.S. Dep. Agric. Hdbk No. 631, p. 204.
• Murant, A.F. (1983). Seed Sci. Technol. 11: 973.
• Novak (1969). Proc. 6th. Conf. Czech. Pl. Virologists, Olomone 1967, p.289.
• Roberts, I.M. and Brown, D.J.F. (1980). Ann. appl. Biol. 96: 187.
• Smith, K.M. and Markham, R. (1944). Phytopathology 34: 324.
• Thresh, J.M., Adams, A.N., Barbara, D.J. and Clark, M.F. (1977). Ann. appl. Biol. 87: 57.

Illustrations

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.