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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Apple mosaic ilarvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by R.W. Fulton, 1985.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

birch line pattern virus, birch ringspot virus, Dutch plum line pattern virus, European plum line pattern virus, hop A virus, horse chestnut yellow mosaic virus, rose mosaic virus (Thomas, 1980; 1981; 1982; 1984a and b).

Acronym

ApMV

Strains

mild apple mosaic virus, severe apple mosaic virus.

ICTV decimal code

10.0.2.03.01

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Malus domestica and Malus spp. - mosaic.
• Rosaceae (many species) - necrotic ringspots.
• Humulus spp. - mottling.

Transmission

Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting (of roots); possibly not transmitted by seed; but probably transmitted by pollen to the pollinated plant.

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show necrotic and chlorotic local lesions, systemic mottles, mosaics and ringspots.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Amaranthus tricolor, Teramnus uncinatus - small brown local lesions.
• Catharanthus roseus, Vigna unguiculata - systemic chlorotic lines and rings.
• Chenopodium quinoa - mottling.
• Crotalaria juncea - veinal necrosis.
• Cucumis sativus - chlorotic local lesions, systemic chlorosis, stunting.
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba - necrotic local lesions.
• Torenia fournieri - bright yellow mosaic.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Beta vulgaris, Datura stramonium, Helianthus annuus, Lactuca sativa, Nicotiana tabacum.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Catharanthus roseus, Cucumis sativus, Phaseolus vulgaris (only certain isolates), Vigna unguiculata (only certain isolates).

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L), Cucumis sativus, (W).

Susceptible host species

• Amaranthus retroflexus
• Amaranthus tricolor
• Cassia occidentalis
• Catharanthus roseus
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Crotalaria juncea
• Crotalaria spectabilis
• Cucumis melo
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita maxima
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Fragaria vesca
• Gomphrena globosa
• Humulus
• Hyoscyamus niger
• Ipomoea nil
• Malus domestica
• Melilotus albus
• Momordica balsamina
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana rustica
• Phaseolus vulgaris (some isolates)
• Phlox drummondii
• Ricinus communis
• Rosa
• Rosaceae
• Teramnus uncinatus
• Torenia fournieri
• Tropaeolum majus
• Vigna unguiculata

Insusceptible host species

• Beta vulgaris
• Cucurbita pepo
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Datura stramonium
• Helianthus annuus
• Lactuca sativa
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Sesbania exaltata

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (3/3)
• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Cannabidaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (2/3)
• Convolvulaceae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (4/5)
• Euphorbiaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (7/8)
• Polemoniaceae (1 /1)
• Rosaceae (3/3)
• Scrophulariaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (7/10)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (1/3)
• Compositae (2/2)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/5)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (2/8)
• Solanaceae (3/10)

Sources of host-range data

Fulton (1952); Kristensen and Thomson (1963); Posnette and Ellenberger (1963).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 54 °C (in extracts stabilized with mercaptoethanol). LIV: 0.1-0.2 days (2-4 hours in buffered extracts, 2-5 minutes in crude sap). DEP: log₁₀ minus 3 (in stabilized 2-mercapto-ethanol sap diluted in buffer). Leaf sap contains few virions. Electron microscopy: treat with 1% glutaraldehyde before negative staining.

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 25 and 29 nm in diameter (and probably a third size); rounded in profile (and pleomorphic); without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

Three sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 117 S; of the other(s) 88 and 95 S.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 16 % nucleic acid (all components); 84 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; of three parts. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Gonsalves and Fulton (1977). Additional factor required for infectivity (coat protein).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

apple mosaic ilarvirus
• L03726 Em(40)_vi:AMQCOATPA Gb(84)_vi:AMQCOATPA Apple mosaic virus coat protein mRNA, complete cds. 11/92 944bp.
• U03857 Em(40)_vi:AM03857 Gb(84)_vi:AMU03857 Apple mosaic virus PV 32 putative coat protein mRNA, complete cds. 6/94 891bp.
• U15608 Em(43)_vi:Am15608 Gb(89)_vi:Amu15608 Apple mosaic virus RNA-3 putative cell-to-cell movement protein gene and coat protein gene.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions; is subgenomic mRNA; for the coat protein. Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 25000. Method of preparation: Gonsalves and Fulton (1977).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Taxonomy and relationships

Ilarvirus: Bromoviridae (subgroup 3)

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, but distantly.

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Tobacco streak, Tulare apple mosaic, prune dwarf, citrus variegation, citrus leaf rugose, asparagus 2 and elm mottle viruses.

Comments and References

References

• Baur, F. (1907). Ber. dt. Bot. Ges. 25: 410.
• Bradford, F.C. and Joley, L. (1933). J agric. Res. 46: 901.
• Callaghan, K.L. (1962). Rep. Forest Ent. Path. Branch, Canada Dep. Forestry 1962, p. 42.
• de Sequeira, O.A. (1967). Virology 31: 314.
• Fulton, R.W. (1952). Phytopathology 42: 413.
• Fulton, R.W. (1967). Phytopathology 57: 1197.
• Fulton, R.W. (1968). Phytopathology 58: 635.
• Fulton, R.W. (1972). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 83, 4 pp.
• Gilmer, R.M. (1956). Phytopathology 46: 127.
• Gonsalves, D. and Fulton, R.W. (1977). Virology 81: 398.
• Gotlieb, A.R. and Berbee, J.G. (1973). Phytopathology 63: 1470.
• Kristensen, H.R. and Thomsen, A. (1963). Phytopathol. Medit. 2: 97.
• Posnette, A.F. and Ellenberger, C.E. (1963). Ann. appl. Biol. 45: 74.
• Schmelzer, K. (1968). In: Pflanzliche Virologie. Vol. 2, part 2, p. 281; ed M. Klinkowski, Acad. Verlag, Berlin.
• Thomas, B.J.(1980). Ann. appl. Biol. 94: 91.
• Thomas, B.J. (1981). Ann. appl. Biol. 98: 419.
• Thomas, B.J. (1982). Ann. appl. Biol. 100: 129.
• Thomas, B.J. (1984). Ann. appl. Biol. 105: 213.
• Thomas, B.J. (1984). Pl. Path. 33: 155.
• White, R.P. (1928). Pl. Dis. Reptr. 12: 33.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.